Showing papers on "Transplantation published in 1973"
TL;DR: Mouse hearts were transplanted heterotopically as primarily vascularized grafts to provide combinations in which there was histoincompatibility with respect to antigens whose specificities are determined by genes at the H-2D region only and there was a close relationship between the survival times of allografts of hearts and skin.
Abstract: SUMMARYMouse hearts were transplanted heterotopically as primarily vascularized grafts. Donors and recipients were selected to provide combinations in which there was histoincompatibility with respect to antigens whose specificities are determined by genes at the H-2D region only (B10.BR → B6AF1), a
809 citations
TL;DR: Among 6297 individuals reported to a kidney-transplant registry, the risk of developing lymphoma was about 35 times higher than normal and was derived almost entirely from a risk of reticulum-cell sarcoma, which was 350 times greater than expected.
572 citations
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TL;DR: Transplantation was usually successful when delayed until circulating antiGBM antibodies had declined; however, evidence of recurrent glomerulonephritis developed in 19, possibly 20, of 34 transplanted patients, resulting in graft failure in seven, possibly eight, instances.
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440 citations
TL;DR: This review will attempt to synthesize the results of the major experimental studies as well as place into sharper focus some of the new problems which have stemmed from electron microscopic investigations of the past decade.
Abstract: Regeneration of skeletal muscle has often been described during the past century, but only during the past 25 years have attempts been made to uncover causal mechanisms underlying the process. The historical and classical histological aspects of skeletal muscle regeneration have been reviewed several times (Studitsky and Striganova, '51; Godman, '57; Field, '60; Betz et al., '66). Here I shall attempt to synthesize the results of the major experimental studies as well as place into sharper focus some of the new problems which have stemmed from electron microscopic investigations of the past decade. With respect to both control mechanisms and certain morphological aspects of regeneration, considerable confusion has reigned in the past because events occurring in the repair of damaged mammalian muscle have been equated with those which take place in the regenerating amphibian limb. One of the major functions of this review will be to point out where similarities between these two processes may exist and where the systems are not directly comparable. The review will conclude with a short discussion about the clinical implications of recent progress in the field of muscle regenera tion.
354 citations
TL;DR: The homing properties of circulating lymphocytes were investigated using TDL from normal and T cell-depleted mice as relatively pure sources of T and B cells, respectively and 3HU-labeled T cells were found to recirculate rapidly from blood to lymph, while labelled B cells recirculated only very slowly.
310 citations
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: The chapter discusses the several important morphogenetic events that happen prior to gastrulation, which are of utmost significance for embryogenesis.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the origin, organization, and morphogenetic action of the amphibian embryo. The amphibian gastrula is dynamically determined in its constituent parts. Transplantation of upper blastoporal lips taken from gastrulae of different ages demonstrated that the head inductor is located in the dorsal lip of the early gastrula, the trunk inductor in that of the advanced, and finally the tail inductor in that of the completed gastrula. The morphogenetic movements do not take the form of a wandering of individual cells but are the expression of a supracellular phenomenon. Dorsal marginal zone plays a leading role in embryo formation and the region is called the organization center of the embryo. The phases of cleavage and blastocoel formation were considered as relatively unimportant though indispensable as preparations for the true morphogenetic events of gastrulation and embryo formation. The chapter discusses the several important morphogenetic events that happen prior to gastrulation, which are of utmost significance for embryogenesis.
290 citations
TL;DR: Investigation of which part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule exerts mitogenic effects on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes found lipid A to be the mitogenic part, and insertion of the lipid A portion of lipopoly Saccharide into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes of bone marrow -derived lymphocytes is discussed.
Abstract: Lipopolysaccharides with different structure, isolated from different mutant strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella bacteria, and chemical degradation products of these lipopolysaccharides have been employed to investigate which part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule exerts mitogenic effects on bone marrow-derived mouse lymphocytes Within the structure of lipopolysaccharide consisting of lipid A, a core polysaccharide, and the O-polysaccharide antigen, lipid A was found to be the mitogenic part The mitogenic effect of lipid A, consisting of phosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide units with ester- and amide-linked fatty acids, was lost after alkali treatment, which removes ester-linked fatty acids Insertion of the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharides into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membranes of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes is discussed as the initial mitogenic action
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Investigations indicate that both structurally and functionally induced rat mammary tumors bear a marked resemblance to their human counterparts, however most mouse tumors virus-induced or otherwise tend to be hormone-insensitive.
Abstract: Tumors of the mammary gland are considered. Development structure histochemistry and ultrastructure are reviewed. Morphology and biology of tumors are outlined: 1) macroscopic appearance; 2) histological types of tumor; 3) benign fibroepithelial tumors; and 4) malignant epithelial tumors. Criteria of malignancy (macroscopic histological cytological biological) and homogeneity of tumors (malignant mesenchymal tumors) are discussed. Lesions with which mammary tumors may be confused; preneoplastic changes; transplantation studies; metabolism and growth of induced tumors; functional capabilities of tumors; induction of tumors; factors affecting response; hormone dependence; and comparative aspects are some of the main topics in this chapter. Studies indicate that both structurally and functionally induced rat mammary tumors bear a marked resemblance to their human counterparts. However most mouse tumors virus-induced or otherwise tend to be hormone-insensitive. An exception is the pregnancy-dependent mammary tumor described by Foulds in BR6 mice. Thus far this is the only mouse mammary tumor that can be regarded as having any functional resemblance to the human disease.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the portal environment may be the most effective site for transplanted pancreatic islets after direct injection of islets into the portal vein resulted in normal urine volumes, normoglycemia and abolition of glycosuria in the rats studied.
Abstract: Isolated pancreatic islets were transplanted isogeneically into the subcutaneus tissue, peritoneum and portal vein of diabetic rats Implantation of islets subcutaneously did not modify the diabetic state Intraperitoneal islets ameliorated the effects of diabetes but normal urine volumes, blood glucose and urine glucose levels were not achieved Direct injection of islets into the portal vein resulted in normal urine volumes, normoglycemia and abolition of glycosuria in the rats studied These effects have been maintained 2 months later — It is suggested that the portal environment may be the most effective site for transplanted pancreatic islets
TL;DR: The effects of an infusion of parathyroid extract on serum calcium and urinary phosphate levels were evaluated in 105 individuals—normal persons, patients with renal failure, patients trea...
TL;DR: Three patients with progressive renal failure and advanced hepatic insufficiency due to cirrhosis of the liver underwent orthotopic liver transplantation, and within two weeks after liver replacement regained nearly normal kidney function.
Abstract: Three patients with progressive renal failure and advanced hepatic insufficiency due to cirrhosis of the liver underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. All three patients had immediate improvement in hepatic function and within two weeks after liver replacement regained nearly normal kidney function. However, the renal recovery was delayed in each case, and its course was not uniform. Plasma renin activity was high, and renin substrate was low before transplantation in one case in which these measurements were obtained; both returned to normal soon after liver replacement. (N Engl J Med 289:1155–1159, 1973)
TL;DR: There appears to be a dichotomy both for genetic control of, and cell populations involved in, the recognitive and destructive phases of cell mediated immunity.
Abstract: The mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assays are used as in vitro models of the afferent, or recognitive, and efferent, or destructive, phases of the homograft reaction. Activity in both of these tests has been related to differences at the major histocompatibility complex, HL-A in man and H-2 in mouse. Recent evidence suggests that the presumed cell surface differences which lead to cell proliferation in MLC are different from those which act as a target for CML. Data are presented providing further support for this hypothesis; in addition separate cell populations may respond to the differences which activate cells in MLC and to the differences which serve as targets for CML. There thus appears to be a dichotomy both for genetic control of, and cell populations involved in, the recognitive and destructive phases of cell mediated immunity.
TL;DR: Eight patients with flexor paralysis of the elbow due to a lesion of the brachial plexus and to poliomyelitis were treated by transplantation of the latissimus dorsi muscle which was detached at both ends and transferred to replace the biceps, preserving its long and lax neurovascular pedicle.
Abstract: Eight patients with flexor paralysis of the elbow due to a lesion of the brachial plexus (two cases) and to poliomyelitis (six cases) were treated by transplantation of the latissimus dorsi muscle which was detached at both ends and transferred to replace the biceps, preserving its long and lax neurovascular pedicle. Thirteen months to six years after operation, the strength and flexion of the elbow were very satisfactory. This flexorplasty, one of the best available, should be performed only after a complete study of the patient's general functional needs and the condition of the affected arm.
TL;DR: The migration of neural crest derived melanoblasts into the skin of mice was studied by the ectoderm-mesoderm recombination technique and it was found that at this critical age when melanoblast were first entering the skin, they were present exclusively in the mesodermal component.
TL;DR: The clinical triad of dermatitis, diarrhea, and liver dysfunction are due initially to the described pathologic alterations but may later on be accounted for by the development of secondary infections, primarily viral, leading to the syndrome of graft versus host disease.
TL;DR: True intestinal calcium absorption is clearly impaired with renal failure although the defect cannot be detected with mild renal failure, and the impairment is discussed in relation to the kidney's role in producing 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the presumed active form of vitamin D.
TL;DR: Analysis of survival curves shows that patient survival was significantly better in recipients of transplants from living, related donors and in dialysis patients than in those receiving a cadaver graft.
Abstract: Over an eight-year period 172 patients received an allograft from a living, related donor, 112 received cadaveric transplants, and 125 were placed on home dialysis. In a period of three years, 287 patients passed through our center dialysis program. Analysis of survival curves shows that patient survival was significantly better in recipients of transplants from living, related donors and in dialysis patients than in those receiving a cadaver graft. One-year patient survival rates for recipients of parental, sibling and cadaver allografts were 84.2, 89.5 and 68.7 per cent respectively. Survival rates at one and two years for home-dialysis patients were 88.5 and 77.8 per cent, and similar values for center patients were 92.9 and 86.1 per cent. These probabilities should be considered in the choice of which form of therapy to employ in a given patient, and illustrate the need for continued investigation into the prevention of allograft rejection and cadaver-recipient selection, (N Engl J Med 288:86...
TL;DR: Although the intraperitoneal siting of isolated pancreatic islets reduces the hyperglycaemia and polyuria of streptozotocin induced diabetes in these animals, consistently normal values for blood sugar and urine volume are rarely achieved.
Abstract: RECENT work from this laboratory indicates that intraperitoneal transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets ameliorates the effects of experimental diabetes in rats1. Although the intraperitoneal siting of these islets reduces the hyperglycaemia and polyuria of streptozotocin induced diabetes in these animals, consistently normal values for blood sugar and urine volume are rarely achieved.
TL;DR: A retrospective analysis of interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection was carried out on a group of 50 patients undergoing marrow transplantation for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia, suggesting patients with poor or absent serological responses to CMV tended to develop disseminated infection with fatal pneumonia.
Abstract: SUMMARYA retrospective analysis of interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) was carried out on a group of 50 patients undergoing marrow transplantation for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia. Interstitial pneumonia was a serious complication of transplantation, occurring i
TL;DR: The transfer of lymph node cells from unresponsive to normal mice limited the recipient's contact sensitivity response to PCI, raising the question whether the suppressor cell responsible for positive unresponsiveness was a T cell.
Abstract: Gershon and Kondo1 provided evidence that T cells from unresponsive mice depressed the antibody response of normal mice to sheep erythrocytes, and introduced the term “infectious tolerance”. Jacobson et al.2 showed that T cells were responsible for the prolonged allotypic suppression in mice which may be a model for immunological unresponsiveness. Unresponsiveness to picryl chloride (PCI) produced by pretreatment with picryl sulphonic acid (PSA) is also an example of infectious tolerance (positive unresponsiveness)3. In particular, the transfer of lymph node cells from unresponsive to normal mice limited the recipient's contact sensitivity response to PCI. These findings raised the question whether the suppressor cell responsible for positive unresponsiveness was a T cell.
TL;DR: Extensive studies on cell surface properties of melanoma cell lines produced by serial injection into and collection from C57 mice are initiated, finding some findings relating to cell growth that may define the process of cell metastasis.
Abstract: FIDLER1 has described melanoma cell lines produced by serial injection into and collection from C57 mice, some lines of which produce few pulmonary metastases while others have greatly increased metastatic potential These cells also grow in culture and retain their respective metastatic or non-metastatic character1,2 These cell lines are particularly useful for studying metastasis since all cells are tumorigenic, and one is therefore not faced with making a choice of an appropriate ‘normal’ cell or tissue to act as a control with which to compare neoplastic or metastatic potential Dr Fidler kindly supplied us with cell lines 26 (low metastasis) and 37 (high metastasis) Culture conditions and maintenance were as described1 Since metastasis would seem intuitively to be intimately concerned with plasma membrane properties, we initiated extensive studies on cell surface properties of these cells We report here the results of these studies and some findings relating to cell growth that may define the process of cell metastasis It should be pointed out, however, that under the conditions defining the cell lines, implantation, more than metastasis, is being studied Metastasis implies the ability of a cell to leave a given tumour site, be transported to another site, and implant and grow there; in the studies described here only the last two conditions of metastasis obtain and hence implantation properties are probably being studied
TL;DR: Serial percutaneous transvenous endomyocardial biopsy is now a part of the routine management of patients receiving heart transplants, and the histologic information has been valuable in diagnosing acute rejection episodes.
Abstract: To obtain endomyocardial biopsies, a catheter sheath is introduced into the right internal jugular vein with the patient under a local anesthetic, and a catheter bioptome is advanced under fluoroscopic control to the apex of the right ventricle. Adequate specimens are obtained for light and electron microscopy and for immunofluorescent studies. In 20 biopsy specimens obtained from ten patients following cardiac transplantation, the histologic information has been valuable in diagnosing acute rejection episodes. Serial percutaneous transvenous endomyocardial biopsy is now a part of our routine management of patients receiving heart transplants.