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Transplantation

About: Transplantation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 276584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 7961661 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Early liver transplantation can improve survival in patients with a first episode of severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical therapy, and this benefit was maintained through 2 years of follow-up.
Abstract: Background A 6-month abstinence from alcohol is usually required before patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis are considered for liver transplantation. Patients whose hepatitis is not responding to medical therapy have a 6-month survival rate of approximately 30%. Since most alcoholic hepatitis deaths occur within 2 months, early liver transplantation is attractive but controversial. Methods We selected patients from seven centers for early liver transplantation. The patients had no prior episodes of alcoholic hepatitis and had scores of 0.45 or higher according to the Lille model (which calculates scores ranging from 0 to 1, with a score ≥0.45 indicating nonresponse to medical therapy and an increased risk of death in the absence of transplantation) or rapid worsening of liver function despite medical therapy. Selected patients also had supportive family members, no severe coexisting conditions, and a commitment to alcohol abstinence. Survival was compared between patients who underwent early liver tr...

740 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cells originating at different rostrocaudal levels of the SVZ migrate rostrally and reach the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons.
Abstract: Cells in the brains of adult mammals continue to proliferate in the subventricular zone (SVZ) throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. Here we show, using whole mount dissections of this wall from adult mice, that the SVZ is organized as an extensive network of chains of neuronal precursors. These chains are immunopositive to the polysialylated form of NCAM, a molecule present at sites of plasticity, and TuJ1, an early neuronal marker. The majority of the chains are oriented along the rostrocaudal axis and many join the rostral migratory stream that terminates in the olfactory bulb. Using focal microinjections of DII and transplantation of SVZ cells carrying a neuron-specific reporter gene, we demonstrate that cells originating at different rostrocaudal levels of the SVZ migrate rostrally and reach the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons. Our results reveal an extensive network of pathways for the tangential chain migration of neuronal precursors throughout the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle in the adult mammalian brain.

739 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 Feb 1992-Science
TL;DR: An indefinite survival of cardiac allografts between fully incompatible mice strains was observed when monoclonal antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or LFA-1 alone were insufficient for prolonged tolerance, and MAbs may be useful as therapeutic agents.
Abstract: An indefinite survival of cardiac allografts between fully incompatible mice strains was observed when monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) were simultaneously administered after the transplantation for 6 days. Mice with long-term surviving cardiac allografts accepted skin grafts from the donor-strain but rejected skin grafts from a third-party strain. Because MAbs to ICAM-1 or LFA-1 alone were insufficient for prolonged tolerance, the two MAbs probably acted synergistically to induce specific unresponsiveness. Thus, ICAM-1----LFA-1 adhesion participates in the induction of allograft rejection and MAbs may be useful as therapeutic agents.

739 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is reported that serum soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) is elevated in two-thirds of subjects with primary FSGS, but not in people with other glomerular diseases, and that a higher concentration of suPAR before transplantation underlies an increased risk for recurrence of FSGS after transplantation.
Abstract: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a cause of proteinuric kidney disease, compromising both native and transplanted kidneys. Treatment is limited because of a complex pathogenesis, including unknown serum factors. Here we report that serum soluble urokinase receptor (suPAR) is elevated in two-thirds of subjects with primary FSGS, but not in people with other glomerular diseases. We further find that a higher concentration of suPAR before transplantation underlies an increased risk for recurrence of FSGS after transplantation. Using three mouse models, we explore the effects of suPAR on kidney function and morphology. We show that circulating suPAR activates podocyte β(3) integrin in both native and grafted kidneys, causing foot process effacement, proteinuria and FSGS-like glomerulopathy. Our findings suggest that the renal disease only develops when suPAR sufficiently activates podocyte β(3) integrin. Thus, the disease can be abrogated by lowering serum suPAR concentrations through plasmapheresis, or by interfering with the suPAR-β(3) integrin interaction through antibodies and small molecules targeting either uPAR or β(3) integrin. Our study identifies serum suPAR as a circulating factor that may cause FSGS.

739 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study used phenotypic, morphological, and functional criteria to identify and prospectively isolate a subset of MSCs (PDGFRα+Sca-1+CD45−TER119−) from adult mouse bone marrow and provided the useful method needed to identify M SCs as defined in vivo entities.
Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are defined as cells that undergo sustained in vitro growth and can give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineages. Because MSCs have only been isolated from tissue in culture, the equivalent cells have not been identified in vivo and little is known about their physiological roles or even their exact tissue location. In this study, we used phenotypic, morphological, and functional criteria to identify and prospectively isolate a subset of MSCs (PDGFRα+Sca-1+CD45−TER119−) from adult mouse bone marrow. Individual MSCs generated colonies at a high frequency and could differentiate into hematopoietic niche cells, osteoblasts, and adipocytes after in vivo transplantation. Naive MSCs resided in the perivascular region in a quiescent state. This study provides the useful method needed to identify MSCs as defined in vivo entities.

739 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202413
20235,385
202211,558
202110,147
202010,069
201910,460