Transplanting

About: Transplanting is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 7353 publications have been published within this topic receiving 38002 citations. The topic is also known as: Repotting.

Blue Light-emitting Diode Light Irradiation of Seedlings Improves Seedling Quality and Growth after Transplanting in Red Leaf Lettuce

Abstract: In this study, we determined the effects of raising seedlings with different light spectra such as with blue, red, and blue + red light-emitting diode (LED) lights on seedling quality and yield of red leaf lettuce plants. The light treatments we used were applied for a period of 1 week and consisted of 100 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of blue light, simultaneous irradiation with 50 μmol·m -2 ·s 1 of blue light and 50 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of red light, and 100 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 of red light. At the end of the light treatment, that is 17 days after sowing (DAS), the leaf area and shoot fresh weight (FW) of the lettuce seedlings treated with red light increased by 33% and 25%, respectively, and the dry weight of the shoots and roots of the lettuce seedlings treated with blue-containing LED lights increased by greater than 29% and greater than 83% compared with seedlings grown under a white fluorescent lamp (FL). The shoot/root ratio and specific leaf area of plants irradiated with blue-containing LED lights decreased. At 45 DAS, higher leaf areas and FWs were obtained in lettuce plants treated with blue-containing LED lights. The total chlorophyll (Chl) contents in lettuce plants treated with blue-containing and red lights were less than that of lettuce plants treated with FL, but the Chl a/b ratio and carotenoid content increased under blue-containing LED lights. Polyphenol contents and the total antioxidant status (TAS) were greater in lettuce seedlings treated with blue-containing LED lights than in those treated with FL at 17 DAS. The higher polyphenol contents and TAS in lettuce seedlings at 17 DAS decreased in lettuce plants at 45 DAS. In conclusion, our results indicate that raising seedlings treated with blue light promoted the growth of lettuce plants after transplanting. This is likely because of high shoot and root biomasses, a high content of photosynthetic pigments, and high antioxidant activities in the lettuce seedlings before transplanting. The compact morphology of lettuce seedlings treated with blue LED light would be also useful for transplanting.

Saving of Water and Labor in a Rice–Wheat System with No-Tillage and Direct Seeding Technologies

Abstract: Conventional tillage and crop establishment methods such as puddled transplanting in the rice-wheat (Oryza sativa L.-Triticum aestivum L.) system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) require a large amount of water and labor, both of which are increasingly becoming scarce and expensive. We attempted to evaluate alternatives that would require smaller amounts of these two inputs. A field experiment was conducted in the IGP for 2 yr to evaluate various tillage and crop establishment systems for their efficiency in labor, water, and energy use and economic profitability. The yields of rice in the conventional puddled transplanting and direct-seeding on puddled or nonpuddled (no-tillage) flat bed systems were equal. Yields of wheat following either the puddled-transplanted or no-tillage direct-seeded rice were also equal. Normally, puddled transplanting required 35 to 40% more irrigation water than no-tillage direct-seeded rice. Compared with conventional puddled transplanting, direct seeding of rice on raised beds had a 13 to 23% savings of irrigation water, but with an associated yield loss of 14 to 25%. Nevertheless, water use efficiency (WUE) in the rice-wheat system was higher with direct-seeded rice (0.45 g L -1 ) than with transplanted rice (0.37-0.43 g L -1 ). In Year 1, no-tillage rice-wheat had a higher net return than the conventional system, whereas in Year 2 the net returns were equal. The study showed that the conventional practice of puddled transplanting could be replaced with no-tillage-based crop establishment methods to save water and labor. However, the occurrence and distribution of rainfall during the cropping season had considerable influence on the savings in irrigation water.

Methane flux from irrigated rice fields in relation to crop growth and N-fertilization

Abstract: The effects of N-fertilization on rice plant growth (number of tillers, shoot and root biomass, root volume and porosity, grain yield) and their relationship with methane flux was investigated in three irrigated varieties of Oryza sativa L. (Sarju-52, Malviya-36 and Pant Dhan-4). The study design consisted of (a) control (unfertilized) vegetated, (b) fertilized vegetated, (c) control (unfertilized) bare, and (d) fertilized bare plots; laid down in a completely randomized block design in triplicate. Urea was applied in (b) and (d) in three split doses at a rate of 40, 30 and 30 kg N ha−1 at the time of transplanting, active tillering and grain filling stages of crop. The field was submerged before transplanting and the water depth ranged from 6.7 to 23.9 cm in response to rainfall. Every 10 d, crop growth and CH4 flux were measured from d 9 to 115 after rice transplanting. Sarju-52 and Pant Dhan-4 were similar in phenological stages but different than Malviya-36. Results showed that there were significant differences in all the growth variables measured for all the rice varieties due to growth period and fertilization. Variety×treatment, variety×growth period and treatment×growth period interactions were significant for all growth variables. Maximum CH4 flux from control (vegetated) plots was observed at the flowering stage (65 d after transplanting in Sarju-52 and Pant Dhan-4 and 76 d after transplanting in Malviya-36) and ranged from 10.79 to 14.20 mg m−2 h−1. In vegetated fertilized plots, maximum CH4 emission was observed 10 d later than in the vegetated control plots and ranged from 14.43 to 20.20 mg m−2 h−1. These values were from 7- to 12.3-fold higher than bare (unfertilized) plots. All growth variables, except mean shoot and root biomass, showed strong positive relationships with seasonal CH4 emission. It was concluded that the CH4 source strength was dependent on the rice variety under cultivation, its phenology, growth variables and soil fertilization.

Drought tolerance and transplanting performance of holm oak (Quercus ilex) seedlings after drought hardening in the nursery.

Abstract: Summary Drought stress is the main cause of mortality of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) seedlings in forest plantations. We therefore assessed if drought hardening, applied in the nursery at the end of the growing season, enhanced the drought tolerance and transplanting performance of holm oak seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to three drought hardening intensities (low, moderate and severe) for 2.5 and 3.5 months, and compared with control seedlings. At the end of the hardening period, water relations, gas exchange and morphological attributes were determined, and survival and growth under mesic and xeric transplanting conditions were assessed. Drought hardening increased drought tolerance primarily by affecting physiological traits, with no effect on shoot/root ratio or specific leaf mass. Drought hardening reduced osmotic potential at saturation and at the turgor loss point, stomatal conductance, residual transpiration (RT) and new root growth capacity (RGC), but enhanced cell membrane stability. Among treated seedlings, the largest response occurred in seedlings subjected to moderate hardening. Severe hardening reduced shoot soluble sugar concentration and increased shoot starch concentration. Increasing the duration of hardening had no effect on water relations but reduced shoot mineral and starch concentrations. Variation in cell membrane stability, RT and RGC were negatively related to osmotic adjustment. Despite differences in drought tolerance, no differences in mortality and relative growth rate were observed between hardening treatments when the seedlings were transplanted under either mesic or xeric conditions.