Showing papers on "Transverse plane published in 1971"

On the spatial distribution of channelled ions

Abstract: The spatial distribution of channelled ions in the transverse plane is studied theoretically using models based on the continuum approximation and confirmed by computer simulation. The variation of the flux across the crystal channels is found to be quite pronounced. In particular the averaged flux at the centre of the channel can be as high as 4 or 5 times normal under experimentally attainable conditions or, due to the oscillatory nature of channelled trajectories, even greater at certain fixed depths. The dependence of the maximum flux on the multiple scattering and the channel geometry is examined in detail. A general expression for the flux at any point in the transverse plane is derived, and various simplifications are introduced which take advantage of the symmetry about either the atomic rows or the mid-channel axes. Both the ideal situation as well as perturbations due to misalignment and multiple scattering are treated. The results have a direct application to any channelling experiment...

Unidirectional fiber–polymer composites: Swelling and modulus anisotropy

Abstract: The solvent swelling of unidirectional rubber–fiber composites was studied. The amount of matrix swelling was constrained to the extent that would be predicted from the thermodynamic theories of elasticity and polymer–solvent interaction. The geometry of swelling was found to be orthotropic in nature. A simple trigonometric function was derived to relate linear deformation due to swelling to the angle which the direction of its measurement makes with the fiber direction. The validity of the derivation was demonstrated experimentally. Considering swelling to be the imposition of tensile forces of equal magnitude in all directions, and considering a swelling-induced linear deformation to be analogous to a tensile compliance, a simple set of relationships between elastic parameters and their direction of measurement was derived: where Eθ, Gθ, vθ, and ηθ are Young's modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and the shear coupling ratio measured in a longitudinal transverse plane at an angle with the fiber direction, respectively, and EL, GLT, and θLT are the longitudinal Young's modulus, the longitudinal transverse shear modulus, and the longitudinal transverse Poisson ratio, respectively. Further simplifying the case of combined transverse isotropy and special orthotropy was the conclusion that 1/GLT = 1/ET + (1 + 2vLT)/EL. The relationships for G and E were experimentally demonstrated.

Disturbance Characteristics in a Plane Jet

Abstract: An incompressible two‐dimensional plane jet is analyzed using the spatial stability viewpoint. Two modes of unstable waves are found, the more unstable of which has a transverse disturbance velocity component symmetrical about the jet centerplane. Disturbance vorticity, Reynolds stress, and distributions of energetics in the cross‐stream direction are presented. Also included is a mechanism through which these jet disturbances interact with the mean flow to produce a vortex street configuration in the downstream jet field.

Continuous Mode Spectrum of a Circular Dielectric Rod

Abstract: The continuous modes for a circular dielectric rod are derived. These modes are identified with the fields due to the scattering of a plane wave at oblique incidence from a dielectric rod, thus providing insight into their behavior. This identification suggests that the modes be classified as incident transverse magnetic (ITM) modes when the incident plane-wave portion of H/sub z/ is zero and as incident transverse electric (ITE) modes when the incident plane-wave portion of E/sub z/ is zero. The transition region from discrete to continuous modes is analyzed in detail. Very simple approximate modes are derived for use in optical waveguide studies.

Eddy Currents in Finite Conducting Sheets

Abstract: This paper deals with eddy currents in bounded plane conductors. Specifically, we are concerned with the semi‐infinite plane sheet and a conducting disk. The eddy‐current distribution in a perfectly conducting sheet or disk due to a magnetic monopole source is obtained by a technique due to Sommerfeld. Sommerfeld's analysis for the disk is incomplete, but we have completed the derivation for this geometry. The eddy‐current decay in a semi‐infinite sheet of finite conductivity is solved by an approximate technique. The results are used to calculate lift, drag, and transverse forces on a magnetic monopole moving parallel to the edge of a semi‐infinite sheet of finite conductivity.

Enhancement of transverse properties of directionally solidified superalloys

Abstract: THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COLUMNAR-GRAINED, NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOYS IN THE TRANSVERSE DIRECTION ARE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED BY THE ADDITION THERETO OF ABOUT 1 PERCENT ZICONIUM.

Holographic study of propagating transverse waves in plates

Abstract: The technique of double-exposure holographic interferometry was used to record the propagation of transverse waves in a plate. The waves were initiated by striking the plate in the center with a ballistic pendulum; this technique produced axisymmetric response of the plate. Several pulsed-laser interferograms were obtained, each of which showed the bending wave at a different time after the initiation of impact. From the interferograms, plots of the transverse displacement vs. distance from the center of impact were obtained. The experimental data compared favorably with analytical results for the problem.

Microstrip to microstrip transition

Abstract: A coupling arrangement for microstrip systems, each system characterized by a dielectric with a ground plane contacting one side thereof and a conductive strip fastened to the other side. A small coupling hole in the ground plane immediately underlies the strip conductor at a current maximum for signal along the line. Two such microstrip systems are placed in back-to-back relation with their ground planes in physical contact and their coupling holes in registry to transfer signal being propagated in a transverse electromagnetic mode via one of the strip conductors to the other of the strip conductors and ultimately to a desired point or points of utilization. In a specific application of the invention, the coupled microstrip systems are used to transfer signal energy from a feed network to a phased array of antenna elements.

Transverse Horizontal Coherence of Explosive Signals in Shallow Water

Abstract: Transverse horizontal cross‐coherence lengths as a function of signal frequency were measured by a hydrophone array 80 m long under homogeneous winter conditions with heavy sea state. The decrease of the normalized coherence length with the acoustic wavenumber is shown as an example of sound propagation parallel to the wave crests and is compared with published reverberation measurements. The cross‐coherence length is interpreted in a simple model computation as the reciprocal of a medium‐dependent angular uncertainty.

Dual bend conveyor

Abstract: A conveyor capable of bending in vertical and horizontal planes having a central guide and drive chain capable of being driven in two planes and a continuous horizontal carrying surface comprised of multiple load supporting leaves on transverse rods carried by links of the drive chain for relative telescoping motion when the conveyor is bent in horizontal or vertical planes.

Application of pulsed holographic interferometry to the measurement of propagating transverse waves in beams

Abstract: The technique of double-exposure holographic interferometry was used to record transverse waves propagating in a long beam. The wave was initiated by striking the beam in the center with a ballistic pendulum. Pulsedlaser interferograms were obtained which showed the bending waves at three different times after the initiation of impact for three different experiments. From the interferograms, plots of the transverse displacement vs. distance along the beam were obtained. The experimental data compared favorably with analytical results for the problems. The experimental technique, differential interferometry, was also introduced to facilitate measurement of largeamplitude motions using holography.

Scattering of Elastic Waves from a Spherical Cavity in a Solid Medium

Abstract: Cross sections are computed for the scattering of a plane transverse wave from a spherical cavity embedded in an infinite, isotropic, homogeneous, elastic solid. Analytical expressions are derived for the matrix elements indicated by Einspruch, Witterholt, and Truell, and the resulting matrix equations are solved numerically. The dependence of the scattering cross section upon K1a (K1 is the transverse propagation constant, a is the cavity radius) over the range 0.01–10 is computed for various host materials, and the results are compared with the case of incident longitudinal waves computed by Johnson and Truell. The sensitivity of the cross section to the elastic properties of the medium, and the behavior in the Rayleigh limit approximation are discussed. The relative contributions of the various components of both the longitudinal and transverse scattering cross sections are isolated, and their dependence upon K1a, k1a (k1 is the longitudinal propagation constant) and host material is elucidated. A peak...

Automotive transverse-mounted power units

Abstract: A power unit mounted across the longitudinal axis of a motor vehicle comprises a torque converter casing, a main transmission mechanism and differential gear casing connected to the power unit along orthogonal assembling planes and centered to one another by means of a cylindrical fitting. A detachable casing section assembled on the one hand to the main casing of the transmission mechanism along an assembling plane perpendicular to the assembling plane of the power unit crankcase and on the other hand to the torque converter casing is provided.

Web edge sensing and guiding apparatus

Abstract: A web edge sensing and guiding system in which a travelling web exits from a tiltable web guide apparatus in a plane transverse to the plane of motion of the web guide apparatus. The lateral position of the web edge is sensed at the exit side of the web guide apparatus and means are provided for moving the web edge sensor along a path to substantially follow movement of the exiting web in a direction perpendicular to its plane while maintaining the web edge sensor at a substantially uniform spacing laterally of the longitudinal path of travel of the web to thereby accommodate fluctuation of the exiting web in a direction perpendicular to its plane caused by tilting of the web guide apparatus in its plane of motion.

Car washing apparatus

Abstract: A car washing apparatus including a pair of vertically extending rotatable brushes which is mounted on a frame for transverse translational movement and for swinging movement in a longitudinal vertical plane, the transverse movement and the rotation of the brushes being started when the swinging movements of the brushes are detected

Reduction of mutual coupling using perfectly conducting fences

Abstract: A theoretical and experimental study of the use of thin perfectly conducting fences to reduce the mutual coupling of two parallel-plane waveguides radiating through a ground plane is described. The two cases which are studied are E -plane coupling of parallel planes with transverse electromagnetic mode propagation and H -plane coupling of parallel planes with the fundamental transverse electric mode propagation. The analysis presented accounts for a number of higher order modes in the waveguide apertures and uses a Fourier series approximation to the fence currents. Close agreement with experimental results is demonstrated.

Synchronous electric machine

Abstract: A synchronous electric machine having a stator is provided with a polyphase winding producing a rotating magnetic filed and an annular D.C. winding to produce a coaxial steady field. Sets of rotor poles are disposed in axially spaced transverse planes and permanent magnets consisting of ceramic material of high coercivity and having radially inner and outer faces of opposite polarity are disposed in each transverse plane between the poles, the polarity of the radially outer faces of the permanent magnets being opposed to that induced in adjacent poles by the D.C. winding.

Boundary Point Least Squares Analysis of the Free Edge Effects in Some Unidirectional Fiber Composites

Abstract: The effect of a free edge on the stress distribution in several uni directional composite plates is presented. Plates with one, two, and three rows of equally spaced fibers are considered. The fibers and matrix are elastic and isotropic. Two types of loading conditions are investigated. The first is a uniform extension transverse to the fiber direction. The second is a linearly varying "bending" displacement transverse to the fiber direction. Stress and displacement solutions are obtained by the boundary point least squares method. For both loading conditions considered, the results show that the effect of the free edge extends only to the outer fiber nearest the free edge and the stress distribution in and around the remaining "inside" fibers is essentially equivalent to stresses for a fiber embedded in a doubly periodic array. For the case of uniform extension, effective transverse moduli are computed for the one, two, and three fiber plates and compared with the effective transverse modulus for an infi...

Apparatus for forming the neck on a plastic container

Abstract: A process and apparatus for blow molding hollow plastic articles to provide a completely finished neck in the molding step. A plastic parison is received between separable mold halves and transported to a second location for blowing. A blow pin movable in the axial plane of the parison is provided with a shoulder structure adapted to provide a close sliding fit with the neck finish portion of the mold. The blow pin is inserted into the open end of the parison, and the shoulder structure compresses and finish forms the neck in one action during the blowing step.

Fabrication of laminated structural panels

Abstract: Method and apparatus for fabricating high strength to weight ratio structural panels from sheet stock such as corrugated paper board having a major strength plane and direction by slicing strips of said sheet stock along a cutting plane transverse of said major strength plane and direction, applying adhesive to one face of said strips conveying said strips in edge-to-edge alignment to a collimating device, re-aligning said strips in face-to-face contact with each other and with planar parallel alignment of strip edges and applying adhesive setting pressure between adjacent faces.

Collector electrode for electrostatic precipitator

Abstract: A collector electrode for an electrostatic precipitator is provided in strips having spaced apart beads extending transversely to a rapping or jolting bar, the strips being symmetrically about a median transverse plane and having edges profiled with trapezoidal cross-section and legs co-operating with the legs of adjacent or contiguous strips to define labyrinth seals.

Dynamic fm control of the transverse modes of a self-pulsing semiconductor laser

Abstract: A semiconductor laser at appropriate values of current above threshold, enters a nonlinear regime characterized by (1) a continuous region in which the output radiation self-pulses simultaneously in two competing transverse modes and/or (2) a bistable region in which the output radiation self-pulses in either of two noncompeting transverse modes, but not both. A preselected one of these transverse modes is made to dominate by adding to the pump power a control signal at a frequency approximately equal to the pulsing frequency of the preselected mode. Alternatively, the laser is modulated (i.e., switched between different sets of modal families) by modulating the frequency of the control signal between two pulsing frequencies corresponding to different modal families.

An Analysis of Flight Measurements in the Wake of a Jet Transport Aircraft

Abstract: Peak velocity vectors measured in the transverse plane of the wake of a Convair 880 aircraft were found to be four times as high as anticipated. The peak velocities are shown to occur in small intense vortices which are separate from the main tip vortices These exist up to 30 seconds after generation. The main tip vortices are shown to have a core size which is roughly of the size anticipated but whose diameter does not increase significantly up to 30 seconds after generation.

The propagation of very low-frequency radio waves in ducts in the magnetosphere

Abstract: A method is developed to calculate waveguide modes in a plane stratified duct of enhanced or reduced ionization density in an otherwise uniform magneto-ionic medium. It may in principle be applied to ducts with an arbitrary electron density profile, and with dimensions of the order of the wavelength in the medium. Computations are carried out for one simple model with enhanced ionization density and parameters typical of whistler propagation. The fields inside and outside the duct are discussed. It is shown that the energy flux in the inhomogeneous wave outside the physical boundaries of the duct may in certain circumstances be important. The types of waveguide mode which may occur are discussed. In particular there is one mode called the zero-order mode which always propagates even when the duct is very narrow or when the electron density in the duct differs only infinitesimally from that in the uniform medium outside. In the limit where the duct no longer exists this mode becomes a plane wave. When the axis of the duct is curved and there are transverse gradients of ionization density and of magnetic field in the medium outside the duct, all modes may tunnel through a barrier region, in which the wave is evanescent, to a region where the energy is refracted away from the duct. Consideration of this process leads to a criterion for deciding whether a duct is sufficiently strong to maintain guiding.

Vehicle guidance track of transverse extent

Abstract: A vehicle guidance track comprising a plurality of magnet installations aligned in spaced relation on the longitudinal axis of the track and extending in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis. The magnet installations change, and correspondingly the magnetic fields of the installations change, over the transverse extent of the installation. Thus, flux sensors in vehicles traveling over the track generate signals that indicate the transverse location of the vehicles on the track.