Showing papers on "Transverse plane published in 1984"

Apparatus for locating transverse holes of intramedullary implantates

Abstract: The apparatus serves to locate transverse holes V of intramedullary implantates, especially in the distal end of implanted interlocking nails, in the fracture treatment of bones. The apparatus includes at least one magnet (13, 16) generating an axially symmetrical field, and a magnetic field detection device (8, 9) having an axial reception characteristic, with one of said two directional elements being adapted to be aligned on the axis of the transverse hole (11) to be located. The other one of said two directional elements, e.g. the magnet (13), is freely movable exteriorly, and therefore adapted to be aligned with the axis of the transverse hole. The output signals of the magnetic field detection device (8, 9) are presented on a display device (17) through a signal processing device (15). By relative displacement of the magnet (13) and of the magnetic field detection device (8, 9), the two axes thereof may be made to coincide, which state can be displayed on the display device by a zero point indication.

The coupling between scales in shear flows

Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the large‐ and small‐scale motions in turbulent shear flows, a number of flows have been studied based on short‐time correlation measurements. The shear flows investigated are boundary layers, plane and axisymmetric mixing layers, plane wakes and the far fields of plane and circular jets. The coupling between the scales has been obtained by correlating the low‐frequency component of the u‐velocity signal with a signal that is similar to the envelope of the high‐frequency part of the velocity signal. The coupling is found to be significant in all flows. Phase reversal across the shear region is found to occur in the boundary layers and the mixing layers only. This is interpreted to mean that in boundary layers and mixing layers, the streamwise extent of the large structure over which the small‐scale activity reaches a peak moves at one transverse end of the large structure over which its ensemble averaged u fluctuation is positive to another where it is negative. This phase shift (≂180°) of the location of the peak activity of the small scales with respect to the large structure takes place gradually resulting in a midlayer where the phase difference is about 90°. On the other hand, in the far field of the jets and wakes, all across the layer, the peak activity of the small scales always remains confined to that half of the streamwise extent of the large structure where its ensemble averaged u fluctuation is positive; in the remaining streamwise half of the large structure, the small scales remain dormant.

The collisionless macroscopic Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability: 1. Transverse electrostatic mode

Abstract: The electrostatic limit of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a collisionless plasma is investigated for a magnetic field perpendicular to the velocity flow. A two-fluid eigenvalue analysis of the transverse electrostatic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is performed using the Chew-Goldberger-Low hydromagnetic equations with first-order finite Larmer radius corrections, establishing that the transverse electrostatic mode reduces to the incompressible transverse MHD mode in the limit of zero ion gyroradius. The linear growth rates are determined and a strong stabilization of the instability for (k-perpendicular) (rho sub i) of 0.2 or greater is observed. The nonlinear stage of the instability displays large vortices whose size is many times the initial velocity shear length. At saturation the simulation is dominated by the longest-wavelength mode permitted in the system. The simulation results can be understood in terms of a simple model which assumes that saturation occurs when the angular frequency of the vortex motion reaches the linear growth rate of the instability.

Abdominal incisions--vertical or transverse?

Abstract: Two-hundred and nine patients were entered into a prospective, randomized trial in order to determine whether a vertical or transverse abdominal incision is the more satisfactory in producing sound wounds. Ninety-six patients were randomized between paramedian and transverse incisions, and followed up for at least 1 year. No significant difference in the incidence of wound failure could be shown between 46 paramedian and 50 transverse incisions. Those patients who were considered to require a vertical incision were randomized between median and paramedian incisions. No significant difference in wound failure rates between 39 median and 40 paramedian incisions could be demonstrated. No advantage or disadvantage of a transverse over a vertical abdominal incision or of a paramedian over a median incision could be shown in this study.

Transverse Mixing in Open Channel Flow

Abstract: An experimental study motivated by dimensional analysis was carried out to investigate the variation in the transverse mixing coefficient in straight, rectangular, smooth, and rough open channel flows. The findings have led to a number of suggestions relating to the future laboratory simulations of prototype cooling-water or wastewater dispersion in a river.

Container for small objects, particularly pastilles and similar confectionery products

Abstract: A small flip-top container which can be opened and shut using one hand is closed at one end by a stopper having a skirt which grips the inside of the container resiliently and a rectangular end wall with an aperture which extends for a certain distance from one of the minor sides. The aperture is closeable by a flap which is hinged integrally to the end wall at the inner end of the aperture and is held shut by the snap-engagement of a transverse heel formed on a projection from the free end of the internal surface of the flap in a complementary transverse groove from in the minor wall of the skirt immediately below the outer end of the aperture. In order that the flap can be snapped open and shut without excessive force, the frontal edge of the minor wall of the skirt defining the top of the groove has a central part which projects outwardly relative to its lateral parts, over which the heel must pass. For strength, the internal surface of the flap has two lateral ribs which extend for about a third of its length from its free end.

Stokes drag on a cylinder in axial motion

Abstract: Measurements are presented for the drag on a circular cylinder moving along its axis of rotational symmetry at low Reynolds number The influence of an exterior cylindrical boundary is taken into account by making measurements with boundaries of different diameter and using an empirical correlation to extrapolate to infinite boundary diameter The results for cylinders with length to diameter ratio (L/D) between 4 and 100 agree well with the calculated values of Youngren and Acrivos The results for disks (0019

Turbulent non-buoyant surface jets

Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the diffusion of plane and bluff turbulent surface jets. For plane surface jets, it has been found that its length scale grows at the same rate as a plane wall jet with its velocity scale being about 0.9 times the corresponding value for the plane free jet. For bluff surface jets, the vertical length scale increases at approximately the same rate as bluff wall jet whereas its transverse length scale grows at about half the rate of the corresponding bluff wall jets. The velocity scale decays inversely with the longitudinal distance, but the constant in the velocity scale relation is somewhat higher than that for the corresponding free circular jet.

The Vibrational Behaviour of a Rotating Shaft Containing a Transverse Crack

Abstract: Frequently cracks in turbine rotors were found. Nevertheless, until now it is not really known, how cracks can be recognized early enough so that large consecutive damage can be prevented.

Compact fuse block assembly

Abstract: The fuse block assembly has a block which holds an element of substantially inverted U-shape. Co-operating projections and holes or recesses hold the element in position in the block. The ends of the legs of the element project out of the block to act as blade-type electrical terminals. The legs are joined to each other by a fusible portion which acts as the fuse. The plane of the terminals is transverse to the plane of the U. This configuration is stronger than a configuration in which the plane of the terminals lies in the plane of the U. It can be made by bending a flat strip into a U which is less wasteful of materials than cutting out the space between the legs.

On the spectrum of the transverse derivative of the streamwise velocity in a turbulent flow

Abstract: The spectrum of the transverse derivative of the streamwise velocity fluctuation is calculated, assuming local isotropy, and compared with measurements in a turbulent plane jet. Mean square values of the measured derivative do not support isotropy, but the spectrum, corrected for the effect of separation between hot wires, indicates a tendency towards isotropy at sufficiently large wavenumbers.

Method and apparatus for supporting interior aircraft elements

Abstract: This invention relates to removable systems for supporting interior passenger elements within an aircraft fuselage (1) The invention is directed toward increasing the efficiency of load transfer, providing quick conversion, and maximizing cargo space A plurality of longitudinal sections (2, 2') are arranged end-to-end along an axis and connected together by extension/retraction joints (14, 28, 28') A first end of a diagonal strut (8, 50, 50') is nontranslatably connected to a section (2, 2') just forward of each joint (14, 28, 28') The other end of strut (8, 50, 50') is nontranslatably connected to the fuselage (1) aft of joint (14, 28, 28') Axial loads on sections (2, 2') cause sections (2, 2') to slip axially relative to each other, and such loads are transferred from sections (2, 2') to struts (8, 50, 50') and are reacted through fuselage (1) Vertical and side loads are reacted by transverse members (4, 4') that are slip-connected to fuselage ( 1) and by vertical trusses (6, 40)

Obliquely evaporated iron-cobalt and iron-cobalt-chromium thin film recording media

Abstract: Thin films of Fe-Co and Fe-Co-Cr were deposited onto a variety of substrates by e-beam evaporation at an oblique angle of incidence of 60 degrees to the substrate normal. Deposition at this angle results in the formation of an easy axis in the plane of the magnetic films, oriented perpendicular to the plane of vapor incidence. Electron microscopy reveals the anisotropy to be due to the formation of parallel crystallite chains, which are, on the average, aligned transverse to the plane of the vapor beam. The lateral dimensions and the extent of alignment of these chains depend mainly on the substrate microtopography, so that with increasing surface roughness the alignment decreases, thereby leading to a decrease of the squareness value S and the in-plane anisotropy Mr(easy)/Mr(hard). The film coercivity, too, is to some degree determined by such aligned crystallite chains. However, Hc in general increases with increasing substrate microtopography and with decreasing film thickness.

Unit having degrees of freedom, such as a surgical operating table

Abstract: The unit may be a surgical operating table and has electric control devices. The unit comprises two identical electrically-operated jacks 14, 15 which are located at equal distances from a vertical plane containing an axis about which the platform 11 of the unit is pivotable in a transverse plane, the jacks exerting on a universal joint 8 connected to the platform forces of the same magnitude and in the same direction or in opposite directions, and a third electrically-operated jack and a pneumatic spring device disposed on opposite sides of that vertical plane.

Meter for measuring mass flow rate

Abstract: A dynamic type of mass flowmeter is disclosed in which an S-shaped conduit with supported ends is vibrated in a direction transverse to the plane of the conduit, and the force couple about an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the S-shaped conduit and also to the direction of vibration is sensed as a measure of the mass flow rate through the conduit.

Measurement coupling for fluidic systems

Abstract: The invention relates to a measurement coupling for fluid systems, for taking working pressures or temperatures of the fluid media, consisting of a coupling bushing which is under duct pressure in the built-in state, and in the bore of which is arranged a spring-loaded and mechanically actuatable check valve, the check valve being constructed as a valve body provided with a cylindrical bore and a closed bottom face, the end of the coupling bushing facing the fluid system being prolonged beyond the valve body. A radial transverse bore or a radial slot is located in the wall of the valve body. In a further embodiment of the invention, the radial transverse bore or the transverse slot is formed in the wall of the guide part of the valve body and a flow slot channel is formed between the valve body and the coupling bushing as far as the radial transverse bore or transverse slot.

Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Flexible Cylinder Near a Plane Boundary Exposed to Steady and Wave-Induced Currents

Abstract: Model tests were carried out in a wave tank to determine the effect of combined steady and wave-induced currents and/or the proximity of a plane boundary (seabottom) on the vortex-induced vibrations of a flexible pipe. The response of the center of the pipe span was measured using a biaxial accelerometer. The results show that the proximity of the plane boundary and/or superposition of waves on the steady flow have a pronounced effect on the amplitude and frequency response in both the transverse and in-line directions.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax: the advantages of coronal and sagittal planes

Abstract: A major advantage of MRI of the thorax is its ability to display sagittal and coronal planes without relying on cumbersome patient positioning or reformatting of multiple transverse slices as in CT. The vertical orientation of viscera and vessels within the mediastinum is ideally suited to imaging in these planes, which may be considered analogous to the standard radiographic posteroanterior (PA) and lateral views of the chest. Since radiologists and clinicians alike are thoroughly familiar with thoracic anatomay in these planes, it would seem desirable to adopt coronal and sagittal MR images as the standard projections for MRI of the thorax, reserving axial and oblique projections for situations in which they may provide additional information. To this end, the authors describe normal sagittal and coronal anatomy of the thorax and illustrate some examples of pathology in these planes.

Enhanced emission of nonequilibrium light particles in the reaction plane

Abstract: Nonequilibrium light particles were detected in coincidence with two fission fragments for /sup 14/N-induced reactions on /sup 197/Au at 420 MeV incident energy. Coincident binary-fission events were used to define the reaction plane and to suppress contributions from transferlike peripheral reactions. A strong preference for the emission of nonequilibrium light particles in the fission plane was observed, suggesting the presence of an ordered transverse motion of the emitting source in the reaction plane.

String bender attachment construction

Abstract: A stringed bender attachment for selectively changing the tension imposed on a selected string of a string instrument of the guitar family including a frame attached to the instrument body opposite the neck of the instrument having mounted thereon a rod having an axis transverse to the axis of a selected string and a rocker arm pivotally mounted on the rod and having the end of the selected string anchored thereto. Pivotal movement of the rocker arm slightly changes the tension imposed on the selected string, and actuating means are provided including an extended arm actuable by body movement of the performer during play for bending or changing the tension on the selected string. A second bender means may be mounted on the rod for changing the tension of a second string by digital movement by the performer. Selectively adjustable means are provided for limiting the amount of change of tension.

Spin-localized model for the Lifshitz point in MnP

Abstract: We present a theoretical interpretation for the occurrence of a Lifshitz point (LP) in the field-temperature ($H\ensuremath{-}T$) phase diagram of MnP. On the basis of a simple spin-localized model, with the assumption that the exchange constants depend on $H$ and $T$, we calculate the thermodynamic properties of MnP asymptotically close to the LP. In particular, we determine asymptotic expressions for the transition lines which meet tangentially at the LP. The predictions of the model concerning the behavior of the uniform transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities, and some other thermodynamic quantities, are in agreement with the reported experimental data. Finally, a renormalization-group analysis of the model shows that near the LP the Hamiltonian assumes essentially the form of the uniaxial ($m=1$), one component ($n=1$), Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson Hamiltonian suitable to describe a LP in magnetic systems with uniaxial symmetry. All of these results are in agreement with the suggestion that MnP has a triple point, where paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, and helicoidal (fan) phases meet, with the characteristic properties of a uniaxial one-component LP.

Surface orientation of polypropylene. I. Theoretical considerations for the application of internal reflection spectroscopy

Abstract: A theoretical consideration of the orientation of the transverse magnetic and the transverse electric polarization vectors of the evanescent field in attenuated total reflection spectroscopy was made. It was demonstrated that near the critical angle of total reflection the transverse magnetic polarization vector approaches a purely normal orientation to the interface between the sample and internal reflection element surfaces, while the transverse electric vector is parallel to this interface. With an appropriate experimental design a set of three orthogonal electric vectors can be obtained for the analysis of surface orientations. A method to obtain high-quality infrared spectra of polypropylene surfaces at a fraction of a degree above the critical angle was developed using a KRS-5 internal reflection element specially cut with a 40° entrance aperture. The surface orientation of uniaxially extended polypropylene films was studied by using the proposed experimental design. It was shown that the orientation of the helix axis of the macromolecular chains of polypropylene could be qualitatively detected. A method employing the 841- and 809-cm−1 bands of polypropylene was used to show that the ratio of absorbances of these bands reflects the surface orientation of the uniaxially extended polypropylene films for a set of films extended 0–500%.