Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.

Transverse localization of light.

Abstract: We study the propagation of light through a semi-infinite medium with transverse disorder (that is, disorder in two directions only). We show that such a system exhibits strong two-dimensional localization by demonstrating that on propagation a beam expands until the transverse localization length is reached.

Mixing and Penetration Studies of Sonic Jets in a Mach 2 Freestream

Abstract: A comparison of the penetration and mixing characteristics of three transverse/oblique injector configurations is presented. The three geometries studied include circular transverse, circular oblique, and elliptical transverse injectors, and the crossflow is at Mach 2. Planar Mie scattering images of three near-field flow planes produced substantial information about the flowfield created by each injector. In addition to global flowfield characteristics, the Mie scattering images provided transverse and lateral penetrations for each injector. Instantaneous and time-averaged information concerning the structural organization of the flowfields was obtained. Results demonstrate increasing jet penetration in the transverse direction with increasing jet-to-freestream momentum flux ratio. Penetration of the oblique jet is appreciably less in the near-field compared to the two transverse jets due to the reduced component of momentum in the transverse direction. The transverse elliptic jet appears to spread more quickly in the lateral direction than the other two jets, suggesting that some type of axis-switchin g phenomenon occurs. Large-scale structures at the interface between the jet and freestream fluids are shown for the two transversely oriented jets, while small-scale eddies are prominent in the oblique jet flowfield. Near-field mixing appears dominated by these eddies and the counter-rotating structures that develop in the streamwise direction.

Comparison of MRI Alpha Angle Measurement Planes in Femoroacetabular Impingement

Abstract: Insufficient femoral head-neck offset is common in femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and reflected by the alpha angle, a validated measurement for quantifying this anatomic deformity in patients with FAI. We compared the alpha angle determined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) oblique axial plane images with the maximal alpha angle value obtained using radial images. The MRIs of 41 subjects with clinically suspected FAI were reviewed and alpha angle measurements were performed on both oblique axial plane images parallel to the long axis of the femoral neck and radial images obtained using the center of the femoral neck as the axis of rotation. The mean oblique axial plane and mean maximal radial alpha angle values were 53.4° and 70.5°, respectively. In 54% of subjects, the alpha angle was less than 55° on the conventional oblique axial plane image but 55° or greater on the radial plane images. Radial images yielded higher alpha angle values than oblique axial images. Patients with clinically suspected FAI may have a substantial contour abnormality that can be underestimated or missed if only oblique axial plane images are reviewed. Radial plane imaging should be considered in the MRI investigation of FAI.

Lower crustal anisotropy or dipping boundaries? Effects on receiver functions and a case study in New Zealand

Abstract: We examine the effects on receiver functions of transverse anisotropy and of dipping isotropic boundaries. Splitting of the Moho Ps phase predicts the anisotropy from a postulated 10-km-thick layer of highly anisotropic crustal material only when other phases can be well isolated and when allowance is made for the rotation of the incident energy out of the plane of energy propagation expected for isotropic models. We examine azimuthal variations of the synthetic radial and transverse receiver functions. For both transversely anisotropic layers and dipping isotropic boundaries, radial receiver functions are symmetric and transverse receiver functions are antisymmetric about a given back azimuth (the horizontal projection of the axis of symmetry or the dip direction). Differences include the following: (1) Transverse energy from dipping boundaries arrives at the time of the initial P phase no matter at what depth the dipping boundaries occur, while transverse energy arrives at the time of the initial P phase for anisotropic material only when the anisotropy is at the surface. (2) Transversely anisotropic systems with horizontal symmetry axes have waveforms with 180° periodicity as a function of back azimuth, while dipping symmetry axes or dipping boundaries just have 360° periodicity. A consequence of the symmetry is that stacking the initial P and Ps phases from transverse receiver functions for back azimuths that are 180° apart tends to decrease the arrivals from shallowly dipping isotropic boundaries and doubles the arrivals from anisotropic layers with horizontal symmetry axes. We examine receiver functions for station SNZO in New Zealand, above a subducting plate dipping at 15° beneath the station. Opposite polarities of transverse receiver functions separated by 180° in back azimuth suggest that either dipping isotropic layers or dipping axes of symmetry of anisotropic layers are present. The 15° dip of the subduction zone is insufficient to explain the energy on the transverse receiver functions by the isotropic structures previously determined from refraction and earthquake travel time inversion. However, modifying the isotropic models for the region by anisotropy determined via shear wave splitting measurements and refraction studies, allows many of the features of both the radial and transverse receiver functions to be explained. A relatively highly anisotropic layer about 7 km thick at the base of the crust with an axis of symmetry dipping at 20° - 40° may be caused by metamorphosed oceanic crust.