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Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of an experimental study on the diffusion of plane and bluff turbulent surface jets, and they find that the length scale grows at the same rate as a plane wall jet with its velocity scale being about 0.9 times the corresponding value for the plane free jet.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the diffusion of plane and bluff turbulent surface jets. For plane surface jets, it has been found that its length scale grows at the same rate as a plane wall jet with its velocity scale being about 0.9 times the corresponding value for the plane free jet. For bluff surface jets, the vertical length scale increases at approximately the same rate as bluff wall jet whereas its transverse length scale grows at about half the rate of the corresponding bluff wall jets. The velocity scale decays inversely with the longitudinal distance, but the constant in the velocity scale relation is somewhat higher than that for the corresponding free circular jet.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lack of proper sagittal plane motion and its sequelae are described and should become an essential part of a podiatric biomechanical assessment.
Abstract: During walking, the center of body mass must pass from behind the weightbearing foot to in front of it. For this to take place, the foot must function as a sagittal plane pivot. Because the range required for this motion is approximately five times as great as both frontal and transverse plane motion, its evaluation should become an essential part of a podiatric biomechanical assessment. Lack of proper sagittal plane motion and its sequelae are described.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To compare experimentally, on the basis of single motor unit (MU) activities, the selectivity of different spatial filters commonly used to detect surface electromyogram (EMG) signals, transverse selectivity was significantly higher for the 2D and transverse onedimensional (1D) filters with respect to the 1D longitudinal filters.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare experimentally, on the basis of single motor unit (MU) activities, the selectivity of different spatial filters commonly used to detect surface electromyogram (EMG) signals. Surface EMG signals were recorded from the biceps brachii and the upper trapezius muscle of five subjects using a two-dimensional (2D) electrode array consisting of 16 pin electrodes. The subjects performed isometric contractions at different elbow angles and shoulder abduction and flexion. The same monopolar surface EMG signals were filtered using longitudinal single and double differential, transverse single and double differential and normal double differential filters. From the single MU action potentials, extracted by automatic EMG decomposition, indexes of transverse (perpendicular with respect to the fibre direction) and longitudinal (along the fibre direction) selectivity were computed. The number of detected MUs was 48 for the upper trapezius, with the arms held in the sagittal plane, and 52 when the arms were held in the frontal plane; 85 MUs were identified from the biceps brachii contractions. The results showed that transverse selectivity was significantly higher for the 2D and transverse onedimensional (1D) filters with respect to the 1D longitudinal filters, whereas longitudinal selectivity was higher (i.e. MU action potentials were shorter) for the 2D filter and the longitudinal double differential filter. In particular, the relative attenuation of potential amplitude moving 5 mm from the source was, on average (for the two muscles), 16.5% for the least selective filter in the transverse direction (longitudinal single differential) and 35.7% for the most selective one in the same direction (transverse double differential). The MU action potential duration was, on average, 13.8 ms for the most selective filter in the longitudinal direction (longitudinal double differential) and 18.7 ms for the least selective one (transverse double differential). The normal double differential filter resulted in spatial selectivity indexes that were not statistically different in the two directions from those of the best filters in each direction.

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A possible mechanism is proposed by which the appropriate torque about the transverse body axis could be generated and the position of the centre of gravity relative to the flight force vector is changed.
Abstract: The total power output of tethered flying Drosophila melanogaster in still air depends on translational velocity components of image flow on the eye, whereas the orientation of the average flight force in the midsagittal plane of the fly is widely independent of visual input (Gotz, 1968) The fly does not seem to control the vertical and the horizontal force component independently Freely flying flies nevertheless generate different ratios between lift and thrust, simply by changing the inclination of their body By the combined adjustment of the body angle and the total power output a fly appears to be able to stabilize height and speed (David, 1985) Here a possible mechanism is proposed by which the appropriate torque about the transverse body axis could be generated Translational pattern motion influences the posture of the abdomen and the plane of wing oscillation Thus the position of the centre of gravity relative to the flight force vector is changed When abdomen and stroke plane deviate from an equilibrium state, a lever is generated by which the force vector will rotate the fly about its transverse axis

51 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work provides direct numerical evidence for weakly turbulent behavior of a 2D Raman laser where Eckhaus and zigzag phase instabilities act in concert to spontaneously nucleate topological defects and ridgelike illuminated regions.
Abstract: Transverse pattern evolution is investigated in single-longitudinal-mode two-level and Raman lasers with flat end reflectors, subjected to uniform transverse pumping. The natural nonlinear modes of the laser are identified as spatially homogeneous when the detuning from the gain peak is negative and as ``local'' plane traveling waves when the detuning is positive. The latter correspond to an off-axis emission of the laser. Stability characteristics of the underlying patterns are predicted to be quite different for one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) lasers. As an illustration, we provide direct numerical evidence for weakly turbulent behavior of a 2D Raman laser where Eckhaus and zigzag phase instabilities act in concert to spontaneously nucleate topological defects and ridgelike illuminated regions. Our numerics also confirm that the complicated patterns persist for finite transverse pumping as long as the characteristic width of the pump source contains a sufficient number of selected pattern wavelengths.

51 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20231,178
20222,308
2021385
2020597
2019709
2018654