Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.

Deuteron flow in ultrarelativistic heavy ion reactions.

Abstract: Deuteron momentum distributions are predicted for nucleus-nucleus reactions at beam energies of (10--15)[ital A] GeV. The deuteron transverse momentum spectra exhibit a pronounced shoulder-arm shape deviating markedly from thermal distributions due to collective transverse nuclear flow. A clear bounceoff'' event shape is seen for protons and deuterons: The transverse momentum components in the reaction plane are for deuterons up to a factor of 2 larger than for protons. The strength of the collective matter flow is sensitive to the type of baryon potential interaction employed. This allows the study of the transient mean fields at high density in these reactions via the event shape analysis of nucleons and nucleon clusters.

The geometry effect on transverse oscillations of coronal loops

Abstract: In the recent study of nine transversely oscillating coronal loops Verwichte et al. (2004) found that in two events the fundamental mode and the first overtone were observed simultaneously, and the ratio of their periods was different from two predicted by the uniform tube model. This observation inspired Andries et al. (2005a, ApJ, 624, L57) to use this ratio for determining the atmospheric scale height. When doing so these authors assumed that the loop has a semicircular shape. In our paper we address the question how strongly the method suggested by Andries et al. (2005a) depends on the assumed loop shape. We found that this dependence is fairly strong, so that observations of frequencies of the fundamental mode and first overtone have to be supplemented with observations of the loop shape.

Enhancement of plume dilution in two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous media by flow focusing in high-permeability inclusions

Abstract: In porous media, lateral mass exchange exerts a significant influence on the dilution of solute plumes in quasi-steady state. This process is one of the main mechanisms controlling transport of continuously emitted conservative tracers in groundwater and is fundamental for the understanding of many degradation processes. We investigate the effects of high-permeability inclusions on transverse mixing in three-dimensional versus two-dimensional systems by experimental, theoretical and numerical analyses. Our results show that mixing enhancement strongly depends on the system dimensionality and on the parameterization used to model transverse dispersion. In particular, no enhancement of transverse mixing would occur in three-dimensional media if the local transverse dispersion coefficient was uniform and flow focusing in both transverse directions was identical, which is fundamentally different from the two-dimensional case. However, the velocity and grain size dependence of the transverse dispersion coefficient and the correlation between hydraulic conductivity and grain size lead to prevailing mixing enhancement within the inclusions, regardless of dimensionality. We perform steady-state bench-scale experiments with multiple tracers in three-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional flow-through systems at two different velocities (1 m/day and 5 m/day). We quantify transverse mixing by the flux-related dilution index and compare the experimental results with model simulations. The experiments confirm that, although dilution is larger in three-dimensional systems, the enhancement of transverse mixing due to flow focusing is less effective than in two-dimensional systems. The spatial arrangement of the high-permeability inclusions significantly affects the degree of mixing enhancement. We also observe more pronounced compound-specific effects in the dilution of solute plumes in three-dimensional porous media than in two-dimensional ones. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Optic-like excitations in binary liquids: transverse dynamics

Abstract: The generalized collective mode approach is applied for the study of transverse dynamics in binary mixtures. The scheme is based on simultaneous treatment of the conserved total mass current and the mutual mass-concentration currents, as well as their time derivatives. The condition for existence of optic-like transverse modes in a binary system is derived. It is shown that high mutual diffusion and a tendency towards demixing prevent the emergence of transverse optic-like modes. Optic-like excitations are found in a Lennard-Jones Kr-Ar fluid and the liquid-metallic alloys Mg70Zn30 and Li4Pb, while in the `fast-sound' dense gas mixture He75Ar25 they do not appear for small wavenumbers.

In - Line And Transverse Forces, On Cylinders In Oscillatory Flow At High Reynolds Numbers.

Abstract: The design of structures for the marine environment requires the prediction of the forces generated by waves and currents. This paper presents the results of an extensive experimental investigation of the in-line and transverse forces acting on smooth and rough circular cylinders placed in oscillatory flow at Reynolds numbers up to 700,000, Keulegan-Carpenter numbers up to 150, and relative roughness from 0.002 to 0.02. The drag and inertia coefficients have been determined through the use of the Fourier analysis and the least squares method. The transverse force (lift) has been analyzed in terms of its maximum, semi peak-to-pe and root-mean-square values. In addition, the frequency of vortex shedding and the Strouhal number have been determined.