Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.

Forced vibrations of a current-carrying nanowire in a longitudinal magnetic field accounting for both surface energy and size effects

Abstract: Forced vibrations of current-carrying nanowires in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field are of interest. By considering the surface energy and size effects, the coupled equations of motion describing transverse motions of the nanostructure are derived. By employing Galerkin and Newmark- β approaches, the deflections of the nanowire subjected to transverse dynamic loads are evaluated. The effects of the magnetic field, electric current, pre-tension force, frequency of the applied load, surface and size effects on the maximum transverse displacements are discussed. The obtained results display that for the frequency of the applied load lower than the nanowire׳s fundamental frequency, by increasing the magnetic field or electric current, the maximum transverse displacements would increase. However, for exciting frequencies greater than that of the nanowire, maximum transverse displacements would increase or decrease with the magnetic field strength or electric current. Additionally, the pre-tension force results in decreasing of the maximum transverse displacements. Such a reduction is more apparent for higher values of the magnetic field strength and electric current. The present study would be useful in the design of the micro- and nano-electro-mechanical systems expected to be one of the most wanted technologies in the near future.

Method of and apparatus for bending and tempering glass sheets

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of bending a glass sheet to be tempered as well as to a glass sheets bending and tempering apparatus. An array of conveyor rollers in a glass sheets bending and tempering section is adapted to be curved around an axis of curvature transverse to the traveling direction in a manner that, beginning from a horizontal plane, the plane of a roller line curves with a continuously diminishing radius of curvature until the final radius of curvature is reached. During the curving process, the tangent of the mid-portion of a curved conveyor section is maintained substantially in a horizontal plane. Thus, each point in a glass sheet curves substantially at the same rate over the entire glass sheet area and, hence, local rapid deformations do not occur. During the curving process, a glass sheet is maintained in motion by means of the rollers of a curved roller conveyor.

Kinematics of the ankle: a hinge axis model.

Abstract: We used a mechanical method to locate the axis of rotation of the talocrural joint. A single constant axis of rotation was found just distal to the tips of the malleoli. The paths of light-emitting diodes mounted on a talar pin were recorded with time lapse photography during flexion-extension. These paths were analyzed both in the sagittal plane and in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Sagittal plane studies were distorted by perspective error. The plane used to analyze joint motion or shape must be the plane of motion. Models of the talocrural joint for gait analysis, reconstructive surgery and prosthetic design should have a single offset axis of rotation.

Energy Expenditure in Curved Open Channels

Abstract: This paper describes linear partitioning of energy expenditure in curved open channels. An analytical method which predicts energy losses due to longitudinal resistance and transverse circulation is presented; predicted results are compared with measurements. The transverse energy loss is evaluated using the velocity field of transverse circulation which is implicitly dependent on the internal turbulent shear and boundary roughness; thus, direct evaluations of the shear and boundary losses are avoided. Transverse circulation is often referred to as secondary circulation as its velocity component is generally substantially lower than the longitudinal or primary velocity. Such is not the case for the energy expenditure. The loss due to transverse circulation may be of the same order of magnitude as the longitudinal loss at a higher depth to radius ratio or lower channel roughness, or both.

Engineering the smallest 3D symmetrical bright and dark focal spots.

Abstract: A simple roadmap is established for the construction of the smallest three-dimensional (3D) isotropic focal spots. It is achieved in a 4Pi configuration by imposing a restriction/condition of equal transverse and longitudinal spot sizes to determine the position of an annular aperture and then optimize its size. The calculations were performed for cylindrically symmetric radial, azimuthal, and circular polarizations for the cases of in-phase and out-of-phase counter-propagating beams as well as when a vortex was added to the beams. A diffraction-limited bright 3D isotropic spot containing solely longitudinal or transverse electric field components is obtained, while the 3D dark spot can be formed from one of two complementary combinations, each containing both transverse and longitudinal field components.