Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.

Beam dynamics in transverse deflecting rf structures

Abstract: The beam dynamics in transverse deflecting structures, operating in streaking mode, is discussed concentrating on slightly nonrelativistic particle energies. Transverse offsets of the average trajectory, bunch lengthening, and defocusing as well as emittance growth due to nonlinearities of the cavity field are considered. The analysis of the deflecting field reveals the origin of nonlinearities and leads to proposals for their suppression. An optimized cavity design which combines minimal aberrations with a high rf efficiency is proposed.

Transverse wave structure in detonations

Abstract: Transverse wave structure in detonations has been investigated using the smoked-foil technique in hydrogen-oxygen and acetylene-oxygen mixtures diluted with argon, helium or nitrogen. The experimental results may be interpreted to show that the nature of the transverse structure is not only dependent on the geometry of the detonation tube but is also dependent to some extent on the heat-capacity ratio of the explosive mixture. In particular, low-heat-capacity mixtures are shown to 1) couple more readily with the fundamental rectangular or planar modes of a rectangular tube, and 2) exhibit a more regular writing pattern during propagation. In addition, the delay to the spontaneous appearance of transverse structure during one-dimensional initiation has been measured and found to agree satisfactorily with a recent acoustic theory for the rate of growth of a transverse acoustic wave. Transverse wave spacing has been measured over a large range of dilutions and pressures in rectangular, planar, and circular tubes for both of these fuel systems, and these measured values have been compared to a very tentative finite amplitude theory based on a calculation of the shock-wave behavior during the refraction of opposing transverse interactions at their intersection. This calculation shows that the refraction behavior is particularly simple in some cases and, in addition, that the theoretical spacings bracket the experimental spacings for two different but quite reasonable assumptions concerning the extent of the reaction zone.

The Cyclotron Resonance Backward-Wave Oscillator

Abstract: An electron injected into a longitudinal magnetic field with some initial transverse motion will rotate at the cyclotron frequency in the transverse plane. If an RF electric field, which is polarized in the transverse plane and which oscillates at the cyclotron frequency, is present, a cumulative energy interchange between the electron and the field will occur. This principle of cyclotron resonance interaction has been applied to the construction of a backward-wave oscillator and amplifier which requires no slow-wave circuit. The elimination of the slow-wave circuit provides several advantages, particularly if one is interested in the generation of energy at millimeter wavelengths. At these short wavelengths, it becomes extremely difficult to fabricate a slow-wave circuit, and, in addition, the interaction is weak because the fields decay exponentially away from the conducting surface. The present tube has approximately 100 times the transverse area of a helix operating at a comparable beam voltage and has strongest RF fields in the region of the electron beam. The tube has been constructed for operation at S band, and the circuit consists of sections of standard S-band rectangular waveguide with a field pattern of the TE10 mode. An unbunched beam with some initial transverse motion is injected into a constant, longitudinal magnetic field. Bunching occurs in the interaction region, and, for sufficiently high beam current, oscillation power is produced at the gun end of the tube.

Turbulent Flow Over a Plane Symmetric Sudden Expansion

Abstract: Turbulent flow with separation and recirculation over a double backward facing step has been investigated experimentally. Time mean streamwise, transverse and cross-stream components of the velocity fluctuations, together with turbulence kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stresses, were measured using a laser Doppler anemometer, operating in the differential Doppler mode with forward scattering. Ordinary tap water was used in a closed loop flow system with a Reynolds number of 30,210 and significant changes of flow patterns, increases in turbulence kinetic energy, velocity fluctuations, and shear stresses were observed downstream of the step expansion.