Topic
Transverse plane
About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.
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TL;DR: In this paper, full 2D photonic bandgaps are demonstrated for all polarisations in structures with refractive index contrast as small as that of silica and air, and a new type of optical fiber based on these structures is proposed.
Abstract: Full 2-D photonic bandgaps are demonstrated for all polarisations in structures with refractive index contrast as small as that of silica and air. They occur for light propagating out of the transverse plane, with a longitudinal component of wave vector. A new type of optical fibre based on these structures is proposed.
472 citations
TL;DR: A new method for determining the velocity vector of a remotely sensed object using either sound or electromagnetic radiation based on the principle of using transverse spatial modulation for making the received signal influenced by transverse motion is described.
Abstract: The paper describes a new method for determining the velocity vector of a remotely sensed object using either sound or electromagnetic radiation. The movement of the object is determined from a field with spatial oscillations in both the axial direction of the transducer and in one or two directions transverse to the axial direction. By using a number of pulse emissions, the inter-pulse movement can be estimated and the velocity found from the estimated movement and the time between pulses. The method is based on the principle of using transverse spatial modulation for making the received signal influenced by transverse motion. Such a transverse modulation can be generated by using apodization on individual transducer array elements together with a special focusing scheme. A method for making such a field is presented along with a suitable two-dimensional velocity estimator. An implementation usable in medical ultrasound is described, and simulated results are presented. Simulation results for a flow of 1 m/s in a tube rotated in the image plane at specific angles (0, 15, 35, 55, 75, and 90 degrees) are made and characterized by the estimated mean value, estimated angle, and the standard deviation in the lateral and longitudinal direction. The average performance of the estimates for all angles is: mean velocity 0.99 m/s, longitudinal S.D. 0.015 m/s, and lateral S.D. 0.196 m/s. For flow parallel to the transducer the results are: mean velocity 0.95 m/s, angle 0.10, longitudinal S.D. 0.020 m/s, and lateral S.D. 0.172 m/s.
470 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Fourier transform of generalized parton distribution functions at ξ = 0 describes the distribution of partons in the transverse plane, and the physical significance of these impact parameter dependent parton distributions is discussed.
Abstract: The Fourier transform of generalized parton distribution functions at ξ = 0 describes the distribution of partons in the transverse plane. The physical significance of these impact parameter dependent parton distribution functions is discussed. In particular, it is shown that they satisfy positivity constraints which justify their physical interpretation as a probability density. The generalized parton distribution H is related to impact parameter distribution of unpolarized quarks for an unpolarized nucleon, $\tilde{H}$ is related to the distribution of longitudinally polarized quarks in a longitudinally polarized nucleon, and E is related to the distortion of the unpolarized quark distribution in the transverse plane when the nucleon has transverse polarization. The magnitude of the resulting transverse flavor dipole moment can be related to the anomalous magnetic moment for that flavor in a model independent way.
437 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the transverse energy flux existing in total reflection of an elliptically polarized light beam was calculated by an energy-flux-conservation argument similar to Kristoffel's and to Renard's in their deduction of the longitudinal Goos-Hanchen shift, thus obtaining a formula different from those of the previous authors.
Abstract: Wiegrefe, Fedorov, Costa de Beauregard, and Schilling have discussed the transverse energy flux existing in total reflection of an elliptically polarized light beam, the latter two proposing formulas for the transverse shift of the reflected beam. We have calculated the transverse shift by an energy-flux-conservation argument similar to Kristoffel's and to Renard's in their deduction of the longitudinal Goos-H\"anchen shift, thus obtaining a formula different from those of the previous authors. We have also tested experimentally the existence of the transverse shift, in the optimal case of circular polarization and quasilimit total reflection, by using two slightly different multiplying procedures. Our measurements definitely vindicate our own formula for the transverse shift against both Costa de Beauregard's and Schilling's. The relevance of our results in connection with noncollinearity of velocity and momentum of the spinning photon inside the evanescent wave is very briefly discussed.
430 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that in the monochromatic limit high values of entanglement are closely controlled by a single parameter resulting from the competition between (transverse) momentum conservation and longitudinal phase matching.
Abstract: Quantum entanglement associated with transverse wave vectors of down conversion photons is investigated based on the Schmidt decomposition method. We show that transverse entanglement involves two variables: orbital angular momentum and transverse frequency. We show that in the monochromatic limit high values of entanglement are closely controlled by a single parameter resulting from the competition between (transverse) momentum conservation and longitudinal phase matching. We examine the features of the Schmidt eigenmodes, and indicate how entanglement can be enhanced by suitable mode selection methods.
407 citations