Transverse plane

About: Transverse plane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 17069 publications have been published within this topic receiving 194059 citations. The topic is also known as: axial plane.

Transverse vibrations of power transmission chains

Abstract: In this paper the natural frequencies of a travelling chain are determined by treating the chain as a uniform string. For a constant chain tension the natural frequencies decrease progressively to zero as the chain speed approaches the velocity of transverse wave propagation. In practice such a condition is not obtained since the chain tension increases with speed owing to centrifugal effects. Formulae are obtained for the amplitude of forced vibration of the chain when excited by a transverse displacement at one end. The effect of damping is considered and exact and approximate methods of determining resonant amplitudes are given.

Transverse oscillations of a cooling coronal loop

Abstract: Here we present an investigation into how cooling of the plasma influences the oscillation properties (e.g., eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies) of transverse (i.e., kink) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a compressible magnetic flux tube embedded in a gravitationally stratified and uniformly magnetized atmosphere. The cooling is introduced via a temperature-dependent density profile. A time-dependent governing equation is derived and an approximate zeroth-order solution is then obtained. From this the influence of cooling on the behavior of the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the transverse MHD waves is determined for representative cooling timescales. It is shown analytically, as the loop cools, how the amplitude of the perturbations is found to decrease as time increases. For cooling timescales of 900-2000 s (as observed in typical EUV loops), it is shown that the cooling has important and relevant influence on the damping times of loop oscillations. Next, the theory is put to the test. The damping due to cooling is fitted to a representative observation of standing kink oscillation of EUV loops. It is also shown with an explicit approximate analytical form, how the period of the fundamental and first harmonic of the kink mode changes with time as the loop cools. A consequence of this is that the value of the period ratio P 1/P 2, a tool that is popular in magneto-seismological studies in coronal diagnostics, decreases from the value of a uniform loop, 2, as the temperature decreases. The rate of change in P 1/P 2 is dependent upon the cooling timescale and is well within the observable range for typical EUV loops. Further to this, the magnitude of the anti-node shift of the eigenfunctions of the first harmonic is shown to continually increase as the loop cools, giving additional impetus to the use of spatial magneto-seismology of the solar atmosphere. Finally, we suggest that measurements of the rate of change in the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of MHD oscillations can provide values for the cooling timescale and a further insight into the physics of coronal loops.

Electrophoresis using alternating transverse electric fields

Abstract: Apparatus for and a method of electrophoretically separating particles by electric fields which are transverse to each other, which alternate between respective high and low intensities out of phase with each other at a frequency related to the mass of the particles and which move the particles in an overall direction transverse to the respective directions of the fields. For separating large macromolecules, at least one of the fields preferably has an intensity gradient in a direction transverse to its own. The new arrangement makes it possible to: (1) separate particles (molecules) larger in size than those able to be separated with previously known techniques, (2) carry out separation at higher speed and at better resolution than is possible with previously known techniques, and (3) concurrently separate particles which differ greatly in mass (molecular weight).

Thermally Induced Transverse Cracking in Graphite-Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminates:

Abstract: Thermally induced transverse cracking in T300/5208 graphite-epoxy cross-ply laminates was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The six laminate configurations studied were: 0/90(3)s, 0(2)/90(2)s, 0(3)/90s, 90/0(3)s, 90(2)/0(2)s, and 90(3)/0s. The thermal load required to initiate transverse cracking was determined experimentally and compared to a theoretical prediction. Experimental results for the accumulation of transverse cracks under cyclic thermal loading between - 250 and 250 F for up to 500 thermal cycles are presented. The calculated in situ transverse-lamina strength was determined to be at least 1.9 times the unidirectional-lamina transverse tensile strength. All laminate configurations exhibited an increase in crack density with increasing thermal cycles.