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Trichoderma harzianum
About: Trichoderma harzianum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4731 publications have been published within this topic receiving 96796 citations.
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TL;DR: Results indicate that application of antagonists can suppress galling and reproduction of M. incognita resulting in enhancement of plant growth.
Abstract: The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , is a sedentary endoparasitic plant pathogen with a very wide host range, which causes annual crop losses amounting to millions of dollars. The small number of available nematicides and restrictions on the use of non-fumigant nematicides due to high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms hinder effective nematode control. A possible alternative to chemical nematicides is the use of biological control agents for the management of this nematode. In the present study, the efficacy of four biocontrol agents was tested against M. incognita at different doses. The biocontrol agents Pasteuria penetrans , Pochonia chlamydosporia , Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma harzianum were mass produced and mixed with the formalin sterilized soil at the rates of 2 × 103, 4 × 103, 6 × 103, 8 × 103, and 1 × 104 endospores/chlamydospores/cfu per g of soil. Okra seeds (cv. Sabz Pari) were sown in pots of soil amended with the different agents, and 10 d after emergence, the plants were inoculated with 2000 freshly hatched second stage juveniles of M. incognita. Data on plant growth parameters and nematode infestations were recorded 7 weeks after inoculation. The antagonists varied significantly in enhancing various growth parameters and reducing nematode infestations in a dose-responsive manner. Both P. penetrans and P. lilacinus were equally effective and caused maximum reductions in number of galls, egg masses, nematode fecundity and build up as compared with T. harzianum and P. chlamydosporia . Reductions in these parameters at the concentration of 8 × 103 were statistically similar with those caused at the concentration of 1 × 104 chlamydospores/ endospores/cfu. Our results indicate that application of antagonists can suppress galling and reproduction of M. incognita resulting in enhancement of plant growth.
46 citations
TL;DR: The action of Trichoderma harzianum on the interactions between target decay basidiomycetes was investigated and the action of the mould's diffusible metabolites, as distinct from the other modes of antagonism, was studied.
46 citations
TL;DR: The most active metabolite isolated from these strains was 6-n-pentyl-α-pyrone, which showed the highest antifungal and antibacterial activity and completely inhibited the growth of Armillaria mellea fungus at a concentration of 200 ppm.
Abstract: The tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze is an important crop in the agriculturally based economy of Kenya. Many diseases affect the tea plant but the most prevalent is armillaria root rot caused by the fungus Armillaria mellea . Compounds from the fermentation of Trichoderma species in different media were bioassayed against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi including Armillaria mellea , a yeast and a Mucor. Compounds obtained from T. harzianum , and T . longibrachiatum when cultured in various media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities by agar diffusion technique. Some of the compounds produced definite antifungal and antibacterial activities. 2-Phenylethanol ( 1 ) and tyrosol ( 2 ) obtained from T. harzianum are reported for the first time from Trichoderma species. The most active metabolite isolated from these strains was 6-n-pentyl-α-pyrone ( 3 ), which showed the highest antifungal and antibacterial activity and completely inhibited the growth of Armillaria mellea fungus at a concentration of 200 ppm. Compound 4 (sorbicillin) exhibited moderate activity against the fungal test organisms. KEY WORDS: Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma longibrachiatum , 2-Phenylethanol, Tyrosol, 6-n-Pentyl-•-pyrone, Armillaria Mellea Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2003 , 17(2), 185-190.
46 citations
TL;DR: A three year study on the validation of the Trichoderma technology for growth promoting ability of Trichodma harzianum (Th3) was evaluated in the popular wheat variety Raj 3765 and a significant increase in yield of wheat was observed.
Abstract: A three year study (2008-2011) on the validation of the Trichoderma technology for growth promoting ability of Trichoderma harzianum (Th3) was evaluated in the popular wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Raj 3765 at farmer’s field through TIFAC-DST project entitled “On Farm Demonstration and Commercial Production of Trichoderma as Biopesticide and Growth Promoter”. The biological formulation was developed at Biological Control Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, and was successfully demonstrated in two districts of Rajasthan viz., Jaipur and Kota belonging to different agro climatic zones. Rhizospheric Competence Index along with its growth promotion effect on rootlets, tillers, weight of grains and grain yield were evaluated by using it at three stages of crop viz., seed, flowering and preharvesting @ 4g/kg and @ 4ml/L along with soil treatment with a mixture of farm yard manure and formulation @ 50:1 before sowing. Compared to the first year where the farmers were unaware of Trichoderma in 2008-09, a significant increase in yield of wheat from 36.25 to 46.73Q/ha (29% in Jaipur) and from 36.88 to 50.12Q/ha (36% in Kota) has been observed after continuous application for three years (2008-2011) The total income and the benefit cost ratio of farmers increased both at Jaipur (Rs 56242/ha, 1:1.8) and Kota (Rs 60332/ha, 1:1.9).
45 citations
TL;DR: The capacity of solarization and T. harzianum to systemically induce resistance to foliar diseases in various plants is demonstrated, due to either a direct effect on the plant or an indirect one, via stimulation of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere.
Abstract: The effect of soil solarization and Trichoderma harzianum on induced resistance to grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) was studied. Plants were grown in soils pretreated by solarization, T. harzianum T39 amendment or both, and then their leaves were inoculated with the pathogens. There was a significant reduction in grey mould in cucumber, strawberry, bean and tomato, and of powdery mildew in cucumber, with a stronger reduction when treatments were combined. Bacillus, pseudomonad and actinobacterial communities in the strawberry rhizosphere were affected by the treatments, as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting. In tomato, treatments affected the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene (ET)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-responsive genes. With both soil treatments, genes related to SA and ET – PR1a, GluB, CHI9 and Erf1 – were downregulated whereas the JA marker PI2 was upregulated. Following soil treatments and B. cinerea infection, SA-, ET-, and JA-related genes were globally upregulated, except for the LOX genes which were downregulated. Upregulation of the PR genes PR1a, GluB and CHI9 in plants grown in solarized soil revealed a priming effect of this treatment on these genes' expression. The present study demonstrates the capacity of solarization and T. harzianum to systemically induce resistance to foliar diseases in various plants. This may be due to either a direct effect on the plant or an indirect one, via stimulation of beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere.
45 citations