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Trichoderma harzianum

About: Trichoderma harzianum is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4731 publications have been published within this topic receiving 96796 citations.


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TL;DR: The methodology described in this manuscript will be useful for the bio-prospection of key enzymes, including cellulases and other accessory enzymes, for the development and/or improvement of enzymatic cocktails designed to produce ethanol from plant biomass.
Abstract: The conversion of biomass-derived sugars via enzymatic hydrolysis for biofuel production is a challenge. Therefore, the search for microorganisms and key enzymes that increase the efficiency of the saccharification of cellulosic substrates remains an important and high-priority area of study. Trichoderma harzianum is an important fungus known for producing high levels of cellulolytic enzymes that can be used for cellulosic ethanol production. In this context, β-glucosidases, which act synergistically with cellobiohydrolases and endo-β-1,4-glucanases in the saccharification process, are potential biocatalysts for the conversion of plant biomass to free glucose residues. In the present study, we used RNA-Seq and genomic data to identify the major β-glucosidase expressed by T. harzianum under biomass degradation conditions. We mapped and quantified the expression of all of the β-glucosidases from glycoside hydrolase families 1 and 3, and we identified the enzyme with the highest expression under these conditions. The target gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein (rThBgl) was purified with high yields. rThBgl was characterized using a comprehensive set of biochemical, spectroscopic, and hydrodynamic techniques. Finally, we determined the crystallographic structure of the recombinant protein at a resolution of 2.6 A. Using a rational approach, we investigated the biochemical characteristics and determined the three-dimensional protein structure of a β-glucosidase that is highly expressed by T. harzianum under biomass degradation conditions. The methodology described in this manuscript will be useful for the bio-prospection of key enzymes, including cellulases and other accessory enzymes, for the development and/or improvement of enzymatic cocktails designed to produce ethanol from plant biomass.

33 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: Seven efficient phosphatase producing fungi were isolated and identified and Trichoderma harzianum was found to be most efficient organic P mobilizer as compared to the other fungi, tested.
Abstract: Seven efficient phosphatase producing fungi (PPF) were isolated and identified as Aspergillus rugulosus, A. fumigatus, A. terreus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, Pseudeurotium zonatum and Trichoderma harzianum. Their efficiency to hydrolyze different compounds of organic phosphorus (mono- and hexa-) was examined. The fungi reduced the pH of the medium, which was maximum with A. niger. A significant negative correlation of pH with development of fungal mats was observed (r = -0.39, n = 28, p < 0.05). The maximum secretion of acid phosphatase by PPF was at 21 d and alkaline phosphatase at 14 d. Acid phosphatase produced by PPF was three times higher than alkaline phosphatase. The intracellular phosphatase activity was significantly higher than extracellular activity. The efficiency to hydrolyse mono-phosphate by phosphatases released from the PPF was 4-times higher than hexa phosphate. T. harzianum was found to be most efficient organic P mobilizer as compared to the other fungi, tested. The efficiency per unit of enzyme produced by different fungi was different and that indicated the isoenzymes being of different types.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro tests showed that encapsulated fungus were able to provide a greater control of S. sclerotiorum and the evaluation of the microbiota showed that the proportion of denitrifying bacteria increased when compared to the control.
Abstract: Trichoderma harzianum is a biological control agent used against phytopathogens and biostimulation in agriculture. However, its efficacy can be affected by biotic and abiotic factors, and microencapsulation has been used to maximize the efficacy. The objective was to develop polymeric microparticles to encapsulate T. harzianum, to perform physicochemical characterization to evaluate its stability, to evaluate effects on the soil microbiota, antifungal activity in vitro and enzymatic activity. Size distribution of wet and dry microparticles was 2000 and 800 μm, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherical morphology and encapsulation of T. harzianum. Photostability assays showed that encapsulation protected the fungus against ultraviolet radiation. The evaluation of the microbiota showed that the proportion of denitrifying bacteria increased when compared to the control. The T. harzianum encapsulation showed an improvement in the chitinolytic and cellulosic activity. In vitro tests showed that encapsulated fungus were able to provide a greater control of S. sclerotiorum.

33 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: expression of the Thcut1 gene in Pichia pastoris gave rise to transformants with high esterase activity and a high level of secretion of the THCUT1 protein, indicating that P. pastoris transformants could be applied to set up the production of this enzyme at industrial scale.
Abstract: The cloning and characterization of the Thcut1 gene, which encodes a cutinase protein of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum T34, is reported. Cutinases, which are secreted enzymes that hydrolyse cutin, belong to a class of serine esterases able to hydrolyze fatty acid esters and emulsified triglycerides. The Thcut1 gene was isolated by screening of a genomic DNA library from EST 2104, generated from a T. harzianum T34 cDNA library constructed under mycoparasitic and nutrient stress conditions, as a probe. Thcut1 shows similarity with fungal cutinase genes and is present as a single copy in the genome of T. harzianum. RNA blot analyses revealed that Thcut1 mRNA is strongly induced in vitro by olive oil and the cutin monomer 16-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid and that it is repressed by glucose. Significant transcript levels were also detected when strawberry plants or pectin were present in the media and in the absence of glucose. Expression of the Thcut1 gene in Pichia pastoris gave rise to transformants with high esterase activity and a high level of secretion of the THCUT1 protein. Recombinant cutinase secretion at flask level indicated that P. pastoris transformants could be applied to set up the production of this enzyme at industrial scale.

33 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023163
2022383
2021200
2020254
2019251
2018228