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Showing papers on "Trichoderma longibrachiatum published in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review introduces to the scientific community the development of modern tools for Trichoderma species identification: the oligonucleotide barcode program TrichOKEY version 1.0, and TrichoBLAST, the multilocus database of vouchered sequences powered by a similarity search tool, which make it possible to identify all known Trichodma species based on sequence analysis.

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methodology used to establish the sequences of short peptaibols in a mixture without previous individual separation is described and eight of them are new, namely as trichobrachin A I-IV (Aib9-Pro10 sequence) and as Trichoderma longibrachin B I- IV (Val9- pro10 sequence).
Abstract: The production of peptaibols by a marine-related Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain was studied using electrospray ionisation multiple-stage ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn-IT) and gas chromatography/electron impact mass spectrometry (GC/EI-MS). Two major groups of peptaibols were identified, those with long sequences (20 amino acids) and others with short sequences (11 amino acids). This paper describes the methodology used to establish the sequences of short peptaibols in a mixture without previous individual separation. Nine peptaibols were identified. Among them, eight are new, namely as trichobrachin A I-IV (Aib9-Pro10 sequence) and as trichobrachin B I-IV (Val9-Pro10 sequence). Original Pro6-Val7 and Val9-Pro10 sequences have to be noted.

54 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ThPTR2 is the first experimentally confirmed PTR family transporter gene from filamentous fungi, and its expression was triggered by nitrogen starvation and a higher level of expression was also found when Trichoderma was grown in secondary nitrogen sources like allantoin, yeast extract, and urea.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These results demonstrate no interaction between antifungals and some degree of synergism between azoles and cationic antimicrobials against Trichoderma spp.
Abstract: Objectives: The uncommon fungal pathogen Trichoderma shows increasing medical importance particularly in immunocompromised patients. Despite systemic antifungal therapy, prognosis of Trichoderma infection is poor regardless of the type of infection and the therapy used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity and synergism of double antifungal combinations including amphotericin B, voriconazole, fluconazole, chlorhexidine digluconate and Akacid plus � against 15 isolates of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and 1 isolate of Trichoderma harzianum. Methods: Individual MICs were determined by using broth microdilution method following the NCCLS M38-A guidelines with standard RPMI 1640 broth. Synergy tests were performed using the chequerboard method. Results: All clinical Trichoderma strains showed reduced susceptibility to fluconazole (MICs 64 mg/L) and amphotericin B (MICs = 2 mg/L), whereas lower MICs of 0.5–1 mg/L were detected for voriconazole.

37 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate how an integration of microorganisms with pesticides makes the control of wheat foot rot possible.
Abstract: Clonostachys rosea 47 (CR47), Trichoderma atroviride 59 (TA59), T. atroviride 312 (TA312), Trichoderma harzianum 24 (TH24), Trichoderma longibrachiatum 9 (TL9), T. longibrachiatum 144 (TL144) and Trichoderma viride 15 (TV15) were tested to evaluate their in vitro sensitivity towards five fungicides (carboxin, guazatine, prochloraz, thiram and triticonazole) and four herbicides (chlorsulfuron, chlorotoluron, flufenacet and pendimethalin). All antagonists showed low sensitivity to carboxin and thiram and high sensitivity to prochloraz. For mycelial radial growth, TV15 was highly sensitive to guazatine, prochloraz and triticonazole and TH24 moderately insensitive to carboxin, guazatine and thiram. For conidial germination TL144 was the most sensitive to the fungicides, for mycelial radial growth and conidial germination CR47 was the least sensitive. None of the antagonists showed any mycelial radial growth inhibition in presence of the herbicides at field dose, except for TL144. Most antagonists did not show any conidial germination inhibition by the herbicides. The in vitro toxicity of prochloraz, guazatine and triticonazole towards the antagonists was confirmed by light and scanning electron microscope showing hyphal disruptions and extrusion of cytoplasmic content. A mixture of CR47 and/or TA312 with carboxin, thiram and triticonazole, applied to wheat seeds, was able to control Fusarium culmorum artificially inoculated to wheat seedlings in growth chambers. In the field, the antagonists applied along with triticonazole or thiram, at 1/10 of the field dose to seeds naturally infected by F. culmorum, gave a disease control comparable to that induced by triticonazole at full field dose. Our results demonstrate how an integration of microorganisms with pesticides makes the control of wheat foot rot possible.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Through the viscosity decay profiles with bioassay-time and the corresponding calculated chain scission, the relative quantitative gelatinase efficiency of these fungi has been evaluated.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was shown that the enzymes produced oligomers with the reducing end bearing no or only one substituent, which indicated that the -2 subsite of the active complex is less tolerant than subsites -3 and +1.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Six xylan-hydrolyzing enzymes have been isolated from the preparations Celloviridin G20x and Xybeten-Xyl, obtained earlier based on the strain 1 Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and synergistic effects on arabinoxylan cleavage were studied.
Abstract: Six xylan-hydrolyzing enzymes have been isolated from the preparations Celloviridin G20x and Xybeten-Xyl, obtained earlier based on the strain 1 Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Trichoderma reesei) TW-1. The enzymes isolated were represented by three xylanases (XYLs), XYL I (20 kDa, pI 5.5), XYL II (21 kDa, pI 9.5), XYL III (30 kDa, pI 9.1); endoglucanase I (EG I), an enzyme exhibiting xylanase activity (57 kDa, pI 4.6); and two exodepolymerases, β-xylosidase (β-XYL; 80 kDa, pI 4.5) and α-L-arabinofuranosidase I (α-L-AF I; 55 kDa, pI 7.4). The substrate specificity of the enzymes isolated was determined. XYL II exhibited maximum specific xylanase activity (190 U/mg). The content of the enzymes in the preparation was assessed. Maximum contributions to the total xylanase activities of preparations Celloviridin G20x and Xybeten-Xyl were made by EG I and XYL II, respectively. Effects of temperature and pH on the enzyme activities, their stabilities under various conditions, and the kinetics of exhaustive hydrolysis of glucuronoxylan and arabinoxylan were studied. Combinations of endodepolymerases (XYL I, XYL II, XYL III, or EG I) and exodepolymerases (α-L-AF I or β-XYL) produced synergistic effects on arabinoxylan cleavage. The reverse was the case when endodepolymerases, such as XYL I or EG I, were combined with α-L-AF I.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Several isolates identified originally as Trichoderma pseudokoningii, T. koningii or T. citrinoviride were re-identified as T. longibrachiatum, in agreement with sequence analysis data for the internal transcribed spacer region of the isolates.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The genetic diversity of the emerging fungal pathogen Trichoderma longibrachiatum was examined at the level of mitochondrial DNA and the discriminatory power of the method was higher than that of internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis and therefore should be more suitable for identification and epidemiological investigations.
Abstract: The genetic diversity of the emerging fungal pathogen Trichoderma longibrachiatum was examined at the level of mitochondrial DNA. The 17 investigated strains, comprising nine clinical and eight non-clinical isolates, exhibited seven and ten different mitochondrial DNA profiles by using the restriction enzymes BsuRI and Hin6I, respectively. The sizes of mitochondrial DNAs varied from 34·9 to 39·5 kb. The discriminatory power of the method was higher than that of internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis and therefore should be more suitable for identification and epidemiological investigations. However, clinical and non-clinical isolates did not form separate clusters on the resulting dendrogram and thus there was no indication of a correlation between genetic structure and pathogenicity of the isolates.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of two phenyl xylopyranosyl glucopyranoides through transfer reaction by Trichoderma longibrachiatum endoxylanase was achieved in the presence of n -hexane used as solvent, phenyl glucoside (10mM) as acceptor and xylan (2g/l) as donor.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the environment of the pH close to that of the optimum for the enzymatic activity, xylanase shows the greatest thermal stability and undergoes denaturation only above 55 degrees C.
Abstract: Xylanase XYNII from Trichoderma longibrachiatum is a small protein of the molecular weight 21 kDa, belonging to the family 11 of glycosyl hydrolases, which catalyses hydrolysis of xylan. This article reports thermal stability study of xylanase XYN II conformation in the temperature range 15–65°C by the small angle synchrotron radiation scattering. The study has been performed at different pH conditions: at pH 4.0 (below the physiological optimum of the enzyme activity) at pH 5.8 close to the optimum for enzymatic activity and at pH 8.0. The radius of gyration and the pair distance distribution function p(r) have been analyzed to characterize the changes of the enzyme conformation on heating. In the environment of the pH close to that of the optimum for the enzymatic activity, xylanase shows the greatest thermal stability and undergoes denaturation only above 55°C. In the acidic and basic environments, the enzyme stability is much lower and denaturation begins at 45°C. On the basis of the SAXS data, the shape of the xylanase molecule in solution in different temperatures has been reconstructed using ab initio method and program DAMMIN. The shape of the xylanase molecule at room temperature is similar to the right hand, which is typically observed for xylanase crystal structure. In higher temperatures (close to the enzyme activity optimum), the conformation of the right hand is loosened and half opened. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 83: 668–674, 2006 This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com

Patent
20 Nov 2006
TL;DR: For example, in this article, the authors describe a strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum VKM F-3865D (the All-Russian collection of microorganisms in IBFM named for G. K. Skryabin, RAS) that possesses ability to produce complex of carbohydrases comprising cellulases, beta-glucanases, xylanases, mannanases and pectinases.
Abstract: FIELD: biotechnology, biochemistry, enzymes. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum VKM F-3865D (the All-Russian collection of microorganisms in IBFM named for G. K. Skryabin, RAS) that possesses ability to produce complex of carbohydrases comprising cellulases, beta-glucanases, xylanases, mannanases and pectinases with high level of their activity. Invention provides the possibility for preparing the full complex of enzymes used for hydrolysis of vegetable raw polysaccharides and, if necessary, separate individual enzymes (components) of this complex. Invention doesn't require using complex and expensive nutrient media for achievement of high productivity of the strain. Invention can be used in different fields of alcoholic and food processing industry and in agriculture. ^ EFFECT: valuable biological properties of strain. ^ 6 ex

01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The effect of FPAP on germination efficiency of sensitive conidiospores was examined, and the supernatant of F. polyphialidicum was the most effective in the inhibition of the hyphal extension and the production of antifungal poteins.
Abstract: 149 The number of fungal infections has increased continuously over the past years. Infections caused by opportunistic filamentous fungi are especially problematic, because most of the antifungal treatments available have serious side effects and could not be applied without a damage of the host (Vicente et al. 2003). Therefore, there is a substantial demand for new types of compounds with antifugal activity. The defensin-like proteins secreted by some filamentous fungi are interesting from this respect, as they have effective inhibitory potencial both on the hyphal extension and on the germination of the spores. Colllective characteristics of these proteins are the low molecular mass (5.8-6.6 kDa), basic character, 6-8 cysteine residues, and the presence of several disulfide-bonds. Similar proteins have been found and investigated from five fungal species (Penicillium chrysogenum, P. nalgiovense, Aspergillus giganteus, A. niger, Gibberella zeae); among them only the AFP (A. giganteus antifungal protein) from A. giganteus and the PAF (P. chrysogenum antifungal protein) by P. chrysogenum are studied intensively. They have a narrow antimicrobial spectrum, but their specificity are different (Marx 2004). It has been proved that PAF is very effective against opportunistic patogenic zygomycetes (Galgoczy et al. 2005), at the same time it does not harms human cells (e.g. immune cells, nerve cell) in vitro. The GAMA (G. zeae antimicrobial protein) from G. zeae (teleomorf of Fusarium graminearum) is a hypothetical protein derived from genomic DNA sequence database. Based on these data, experiments have been carried out to identify new antifungal proteins and their genetic determinants in the genus Fusarium. Fifteen isolates, representing 10 Fusarium species (F. graminearum, F. asiaticum, F. boothi, F. cerealis, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. polyphialidcium, F. sporotrichioides and F. pseudograminearum) have been screened via PCR experiments. Sequences corresponding to hypothetical defensin-like proteins have been found in all isolates. These revealed high similarity to the nucleic acid sequence of the paf gene. Taking into account their nucleic acid and hypothetical protein sequences, 4 types of Fusarium antifungal proteins could be differentiated. The production of antifungal poteins have been optimized. Their biological activities on hyphal growth of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Mortierella elongata with an agar diffusion technique have been investigated. Eight of ten showed similar inhibitory effect (like PAF), while the ferment broth of two species (F. sporotrichioides and F. asiaticum) proved to be inactive in these tests. The supernatant of F. polyphialidicum was the most effective in the inhibition of the hyphal extension. Protein gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a small protein (approximatly 6.3 kDa) in the eight biological active species. These proteins have been purified further (e.g ultrafiltration). The partially purified protein of F. polyphilaidicum maintained its antimicrobial activity. It was supposed, that this 6.3 kDa protein responsible for the antifungal activity, and it was named Fusarium poliphyalidicum antifungal protein (FPAP). The effect of FPAP on germination efficiency of sensitive conidiospores was examined in T. longibrachiatum. The conidiospores displayed abnormal, and delayed germination when cultivated in a FPAP-containing medium compared to a control. FPAP-treated conidiospores formed very short, swelled hyphae with multiple branches. FPAP is a new, small antifungal protein. Further experiments are in progress to clarify its antifungal spectrum, and its effect on plant and mammalian cells.