Showing papers on "Trichoderma longibrachiatum published in 2010"

First case of Trichoderma longibrachiatum infection in a renal transplant recipient in Tunisia and review of the literature.

Abstract: Background Trichoderma species are filamentous fungi that were previously considered to be culture contaminants. Recently, with the increasing number of risk population, they are described as an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Trichoderma longibrachiatum is the most common species involved in Trichoderma infections. Aim Here, we report the first case in Tunisia of skin infection caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a renal transplant recipient. Case The fungus was isolated from fluid puncture of an inguinal abscess and from skin biopsy from a 46-year-old male patient who had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Species identification benefited from a molecular approach. Susceptibility tests performed with the use of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing standardized methodology revealed that the organism is resistant to itraconazole, intermediate to amphotericin B and sensitive to voriconazole, posaconazole and caspofungin. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole.

Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and T. hamatum resident on maize (Zea mays) plant against Fusarium verticillioides (Nirenberg) isolated from rotting maize stem

Abstract: Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and T. hamatum against the pathogen Fusarium verticillioides was examined in the laboratory. This was done by pairing each Trichoderma species with the pathogen on 9 cm Petri plates of acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Three pairing methods were employed and gradings were assigned to different radial growth suppression of F. verticillioides by each Trichoderma species. Analysis was done using the GLM procedure of the SAS package. Both Trichoderma species significantly inhibited radial growth of F. verticillioides (P = 0.01, R 2 = 0.99) irrespective of pairing method. ‘Inoculating antagonist before pathogen’ supported the best growth inhibition of F. verticillioides by both Trichoderma species. Both Trichoderma species differed significantly (P > 0.0029) in inhibiting radial growth of F. verticillioides. Growth inhibition differed significantly within (P > 0.0059) and among (P > 0.0001) pairing methods. T. longibrachiatum was significantly better t...

Fungal diversity associated with Brazilian energy transmission towers

Abstract: The present work profiled the fungal community structure found in Brazilian energy transmission tower with signs of corrosion and/or biofilm formation using cloning (ITS-rRNA gene libraries) and culture-dependent technique. A total of 31 isolates comprising 10 filamentous fungi and 21 yeasts were recovered from enrichment cultures. As determined by polyphasic taxonomy 9 genera and 13 species were identified including Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Candida pseudointermedia, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus laurentii, Debaryomyces nepalensis, Exophiala dermatitidis, Fusarium sp., Fusarium solani, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Trichoderma citrinoviride, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and Pichia guilliermondii. Metagenomic analyses based on 160 clone sequences revealed 30 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) comprising 20 OTUs of filamentous fungi and 10 OTUs of yeasts. The majority of OTUs were related to the genera Capnobotryella, Cryptococcus, Devriesia, Fellomyces, Fusarium, Kockovaella, Panaeolus, Rhodotorula, Sirobasidium, Sporobolomyces, Strelitziana and Teratosphaeria. Although members of the fungal community from transmission tower samples are ubiquitous fungi commonly found in other environments, some have been related to microbiologically-influenced corrosion of metals. Comparisons between fungal community composition obtained by both culture-dependent and independent methods highlighted the different aspects of the mycobiota, emphazising the need of complementary approaches to assess the microbial assemblage of unusual environments.

Growth inhibition (in vitro) of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta) using Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Abstract: The growth inhibition of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from cassava was studied in-vitro using Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Both fungi were cultured together on the same Petri plate using three different pairing methods. Inoculation of each fungus on separate Petri plates served as controls. For each pairing method, experiments were conducted in five replicates. Radial growth (cm) of both C. gloeosporioides and T. longibrachiatum in all Petri plates were measured daily for 7 days. In all the three pairing methods, T. longibrachiatum significantly inhibited the growth of C. gloeosporioides (P > 0.0001). Growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides by T. longibrachiatum was better in ‘inoculating antagonist before pathogen’ than in the other two pairing methods (P = 0.05). C. gloeosporioides had significant addition of radial mycelia only between days 1 and 2, as well as days 2 and 3 after pairing (DAP) before contact was made with T. longibrachiatum. Addition of mycelia mass of C. gloeosporioides slowed down significantly by the day upon contact with T. longibrachiatum (P = 0.05, R2 = 0.86). F value for day after pairing (DAP) was also highly significant (P > 0.0001). T. longibrachiatumcould thus be said to possess probable antagonistic tendency against C. gloeosporioides. Key words: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Manihot esculenta, day after pairing, growth inhibition.

Cloning, characterization, and engineering of fungal L-arabinitol dehydrogenases

Abstract: L-Arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase (LAD) catalyzes the conversion of L-arabinitol to L-xylulose with concomitant NAD+ reduction in fungal L-arabinose catabolism. It is an important enzyme in the development of recombinant organisms that convert L-arabinose to fuels and chemicals. Here, we report the cloning, characterization, and engineering of four fungal LADs from Penicillium chrysogenum, Pichia guilliermondii, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum, respectively. The LAD from P. guilliermondii was inactive, while the other three LADs were NAD+-dependent and showed high catalytic activities, with P. chrysogenum LAD being the most active. T. longibrachiatum LAD was the most thermally stable and showed the maximum activity in the temperature range of 55–65°C with the other LADs showed the maximum activity in the temperature range of 40–50°C. These LADs were active from pH 7 to 11 with an optimal pH of 9.4. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to alter the cofactor specificity of these LADs. In a T. longibrachiatum LAD mutant, the cofactor preference toward NADP+ was increased by 2.5 × 104-fold, whereas the cofactor preference toward NADP+ of the P. chrysogenum and A. niger LAD mutants was also drastically improved, albeit at the expense of significantly reduced catalytic efficiencies. The wild-type LADs and their mutants with altered cofactor specificity could be used to investigate the functionality of the fungal L-arabinose pathways in the development of recombinant organisms for efficient microbial L-arabinose utilization.

Microbial Control of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet A Notable Pathogen of Bananas and Plantains

Abstract: The ability of one bacterium and two fungi to inhibit the mycelial growth of Mycosphaerella fijiensis was determined in this study. The culture filtrates of the three microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) at different concentration were evaluated in - vitro against mycelia growth of M. fijiensis on two culture media using spread plate and mycelia dry weight method. Generally, the culture filtrates of the three microorganisms had significant effect on the mycelial growth of M. fijiensis. Culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis inhibited mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at concentration of 1.5%, 2.5% and 5%. Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum culture filtrates were observed to be less effective at concentration of 1% and 1.5% but became effective on mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at concentration of 2.5% and 5%. When spread plate method was used, culture filtrates of Trichoderma asperellum was observed to be highly effective than that of the other microorganisms. When mycelial dry weight method was used, culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis exhibited high antagonistic effect to mycelial growth of M. fijiensis. Malt extract agar and malt extract broth significantly (P < 0.05) supported the antagonistic activity of microbial agents culture filtrates on mycelial growth of M. fijiensis compared to potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth. Effective screening of microbial biocontrol of Mycosphaerella fijiensis can contribute to reduction in chemical pesticides usage that has been reportedly linked to environmental pollution and threat to public health. (Nature and Science 2010;8(10):299-305). (ISSN: 1545-0740).

Mixed culture of endophytic fungi isolated from Camellia sinensis enhancing the antagonistic on plant pathogenic fungi

Abstract: Two endophytic fungal strains, Trichoderma longibrachiatum CSN-18 and Aspergillus sp. CSN-3, were isolated from healthy leaves of Camellia sinensis. The inhibitory activity against plant pathogenic fungi of these two fungi in the mixed culture was compared with monoculture. The results showed that the broth and its acetic ether extract of the mixed culture had much stronger inhibitions against Magnaporthe grisea, Phyllosticta camelliaecola, Guignardia camellia and other 5 species of plant pathogenic fungi as compared to monocultures of CSN-18 and CSN-3. The inhibition rates of acetic ether extract of the mixed culture to the mycelial growth of P. camelliaecola, M. grisea and G. camellia were 79.48%±1.46%, 76.99%±0.91% and 71.51%±4.93%,respectively. Inhibition rates of acetic ether extract of the mixed culture to the spore germination of P. camelliaecola, G. camellia and M. grisea were 100.00%, 90.90%±2.59% and 84.00%±5.29%, respectively. The broth of the mixed culture had a much higher inhibition rate to the mycelial growth of P. camelliaecola as compared to monocultures. Spore germination of P. camelliaecola was promoted by broth of the mixed culture in the concentration lower than 30%. But spore germination was dramatically inhibited when broth concentration was higher than 40%.

Trichoderma longibrachiatum as an antagonist of Botrydiplodia theobromae

Abstract: The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma longibrachiatum against the pathogen Botrydiplodia theobromae was examined in vitro. Both fungi were paired on 9 cm Petri plates of acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA). Three pairing methods were employed, viz., ‘inoculating antagonist before pathogen’, ‘inoculating pathogen before antagonist’ and ‘simultaneous inoculation of pathogen and antagonist’. Radial growth (cm) of both fungi were later analysed using the GLM Procedure of SAS. Growth inhibition of B. theobromae by T. longibrachiatum in all pairing methods was significantly different from control (P = 0.05, R 2 = 0.89). Growth inhibition of the pathogen was best when using ‘inoculation of antagonist before pathogen’. Duration of pairing (DAP) and pairing method are both critical to significant antagonistic impact of T. longibrachiatum on B. theobromae (P > 0.0001). Inhibition mechanism includes competition for space and nutrients. T. longibrachiatum could thus be a promising antagonist of B. theobromae.

Purification and Properties of Lywallzyme from Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Rifai

Abstract: Trichoderma Longibrachiatum Rifai 958-11 was applied to produce Lywallzyme by submerged fermentation.From the Sartobind S Ion Exchange Chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 Column Chromatography,lywallzyme was found,separated and purified.The relative molecular weights of the enzymes was determined and their most suitable reaction temperatures and pH values were ascertained.The lywallzyme can degrade fungal cell walls to produce protoplasts at pH 5.4 and 30℃.Under the optimum conditions,the protoplasts can be 105～106/mL enzyme.If in 0.6mol/L of potassium chloride or 0.6mol/L of magnesium sulfate as the isotonic solution,dissolved some cell walls of basidiomycets and got the protoplasts with high energy.

Process for producing tea extract

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a tea extract, which comprises adding an amylase, an enzyme preparation having a polygalacturonase activity of 20000 U/g or more and a cellulase originated from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei to a tea raw material and extracting the desired tea extract from the mixture. According to this process, it becomes possible to extract a tea-leaf-derived cell wall component that cannot be decomposed or extracted by conventional enzymatic tea leaf extraction techniques. As a result, it becomes possible to produce a tea extract which is rich in sweet flavor, robust flavor and "umami" (tasty) flavor and has reduced bitter taste in high yield.

Nature and Science

Abstract: The ability of one bacterium and two fungi to inhibit the mycelial growth of Mycosphaerella fijiensis was determined in this study. The culture filtrates of the three microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) at different concentration were evaluated in – vitro against mycelia growth of M. fijiensis on two culture media using spread plate and mycelia dry weight method. Generally, the culture filtrates of the three microorganisms had significant effect on the mycelial growth of M. fijiensis. Culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis inhibited mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at concentration of 1.5%, 2.5% and 5%. Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum culture filtrates were observed to be less effective at concentration of 1% and 1.5% but became effective on mycelial growth of M. fijiensis at concentration of 2.5% and 5%. When spread plate method was used, culture filtrates of Trichoderma asperellum was observed to be highly effective than that of the other microorganisms. When mycelial dry weight method was used, culture filtrates of Bacillus subtilis exhibited high antagonistic effect to mycelial growth of M. fijiensis. Malt extract agar and malt extract broth significantly (P < 0.05) supported the antagonistic activity of microbial agents culture filtrates on mycelial growth of M. fijiensis compared to potato dextrose agar and potato dextrose broth. Effective screening of microbial biocontrol of Mycosphaerella fijiensis can contribute to reduction in chemical pesticides usage that has been reportedly linked to environmental pollution and threat to public health. [Nature and Science 2010;8(10):299-305]. (ISSN: 1545-0740).