Showing papers on "Trichoderma longibrachiatum published in 2011"

Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in Liquid Media Through Fungi Isolated from Contaminated Sources

Abstract: Wastewater particularly from electroplating, paint, leather, metal and tanning industries contain enormous amount of heavy metals. Microorganisms including fungi have been reported to exclude heavy metals from wastewater through bioaccumulation and biosorption at low cost and in eco-friendly way. An attempt was, therefore, made to isolate fungi from sites contaminated with heavy metals for higher tolerance and removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Seventy-six fungal isolates tolerant to heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni were isolated from sewage, sludge and industrial effluents containing heavy metals. Four fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Aspegillus awamori, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma viride) also were included in this study. The majority of the fungal isolates were able to tolerate up to 400 ppm concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni. The most heavy metal tolerant fungi were studied for removal of heavy metals from liquid media at 50 ppm concentration. Results indicated removal of substantial amount of heavy metals by some of the fungi. With respect to Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni, maximum uptake of 59.67, 16.25, 0.55, and 0.55 mg/g was observed by fungi Pb3 (Aspergillus terreus), Trichoderma viride, Cr8 (Trichoderma longibrachiatum), and isolate Ni27 (A. niger) respectively. This indicated the potential of these fungi as biosorbent for removal of heavy metals from wastewater and industrial effluents containing higher concentration of heavy metals.

Biocontrol genes from Trichoderma species: A review

Abstract: Accepted 25 November, 2011 In the world, the traditional agricultural practices are getting affected by various problems such as disease, pest, drought, decreased soil fertility due to use of hazardous chemical pesticides, pollution and global warming. As a result, there is a need for some eco-friendly biocontrol agents that help in resolving the previous mentioned problems. The various types of biological control agents such as bacteria and fungi are involved in biocontrol activity. Among them, fungal genus Trichoderma plays a major role in controlling the plant diseases. The species of Trichoderma are known to produce different kinds of enzymes which have a significant role in biocontrol activity like cell wall degradation, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, hyphal growth, antagonistic activity against plant pathogens. By the advance techniques laid in the molecular biology, we can easily isolate, characterize, clone, sequence and express the functions of these genes and can study their functions and role in the biocontrol mechanism. This review article explains about the role, and functions of some major biocontrol genes present in the Trichoderma species viz., Trichoderma harzianum , Trichoderma viride , Trichoderma atroviride , Trichoderma reesei , Trichoderma hamatum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum .

Fatal post-operative Trichoderma longibrachiatum mediastinitis and peritonitis in a paediatric patient with complex congenital cardiac disease on peritoneal dialysis.

Abstract: Trichoderma longibrachiatum is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. We report a case of Trichoderma post-operative mediastinitis and peritonitis in a child with complex congenital cardiac disease and functional asplenia. The patient was treated unsuccessfully, initially with caspofungin alone followed by a combination of voriconazole (systemic and topical), caspofungin and intraperitoneal amphotericin B.

Biocontrol of Cytospora canker of poplar in north‐east China with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

Abstract: Summary Trichoderma isolate T05, collected and isolated from a poplar (Populus simonii × Populus nigra) stand in the province of Heilongjiang, China, was tested for its efficacy in controlling Cytospora chrysosperma in vitro and Cytospora canker of poplar in the field. Trichoderma isolate T05 was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum in sect. Longibrachiatum based on both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) oligonucleotide sequences and the short intron of tef1. During dual culturing, the inhibitory effect of T. longibrachiatum T05 on C. chrysosperma increased over time, and inhibition up to 81% was observed 120 h after inoculation. Hyphae of T. longibrachiatum T05 grew alongside, coiled and sporulated around the pathogen hyphae, which were generally observed to be wrinkled, collapsed, disrupted and degraded. Culture filtrates of T. longibrachiatum T05 that were sterilized by either bacterial filtration or autoclaving suppressed the growth of the pathogen colony. Filtrate sterilized by filtration showed greater inhibitory activity than the autoclaved filtrate, which still had some inhibitory activity, demonstrating that some inhibitory substances were heat unstable and some heat stable. Cytospora chrysosperma C01 colony growth was also reduced by volatile antibiotics produced by T. longibrachiatum T05, with inhibition of 54% observed after 96 h. In a field trial, Cytospora canker on poplar trunks was controlled with efficacy similar to that of routine chemical control by applying a T. longibrachiatum preparation.

Solid state fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake with cocktail of fungi.

Abstract: The efficacy of four different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma harzanium and Trichoderma longibrachiatum) in different combinations on the biodegradation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake was evaluated in a completely randomized design model. The inoculated substrates were incubated for 10 days at ambient temperature. The treatments include A (Control without fungi inoculation), B (50% Trichoderma harzanium + 50% penicillium specie), C (33% Trichoderma harzanium + 33% Trichoderma longibrachiatum + 33% Aspergillus niger) while Treatment D (50% Trichoderma harzanium + 50% Aspergillus niger). The results revealed highest protein content in treatment A followed closely by treatments B, C and D in that order. Contrarily, the ether extract content was significantly higher in Treatment C and poorest in treatment A. The ash content was 7.00% (A), 5.30 % (B), 7.7% (C) and 7.10% (D). The highest anti-nutrient contents were recorded for the Control treatment (A). The cyanide content was lowest in Treatment D while treatment C had the lowest saponin content. The incubation of the substrate

Trichoderma longibrachiatum and application thereof to preventing and treating vegetable diseases

Abstract: The invention discloses trichoderma longibrachiatum and application thereof to preventing and treating vegetable diseases. The collection number of the trichoderma longibrachiatum is CGMCC No.4708. The trichoderma longibrachiatum can be applied to preventing and treating vegetable diseases. The trichoderma longibrachiatum Gu 4-5 (or a preparation using the trichoderma longibrachiatum Gu 4-5 as anactive ingredient) is environment-friendly, can inhibit medicament resistance development of disease pathogeny, contributes to popularization of green food and organic agriculture, has low cost and no pollution, and is safe for vegetable crops. Antagonistic microorganisms are introduced into soil, so fungal diseases can be effectively prevented and treated through biological prevention and control, the environment can be effectively improved, an agroecological system can be maintained to be balanced, and strong support is provided for sustainable development.

Deteksi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Trichoderma yang Berasosiasi pada Tanaman Kakao

Abstract: Detection and Identification of Endophyte Trichoderma Fungi Associated Cocoa Plant ABSTRACT . The endophytic fungi are non pathogenic fungi and almost all of them associated with plant cells without any symptoms. Endophites fungi that associated with cacao plant from East Aceh has been isolated. Based on morphological and molecular identification was found two species of fungi Trichoderma spp which is fungal antagonist. Molecular identification have provided the species of Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Trichoderma virens had goog poteny as biological control agains patogen.

Effect of temperature, pH and media for growth and sporulation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum and self life study in carrier based formulations

Abstract: The most favourable temperature for growth and sporulation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum was found in between 25–30oC (60–70 mm dia.), followed by 20oC. Similarly, most favourable pH ranged between 6.5 to 7.5 in which total dry weight of mycelium also varieds between 198.61 to 223.00 mg, and PDA showed excellent in average colony dia. (8.57cm), but excellent average mycelium weight (170mg) was recorded in PDB medium. Shelf life of T. longibrachiatum in three different carrier materials (talc, lignite & charcoal) was determined at 30 days interval indicated that decline in number of propagules was started from 30 days onwards. Among the different formulations, talc based was found the best material to retain maximum number of viable propagules, which was 29.7 x 106 cfu/g against 8.3 x 106 cfu/g in charcoal powder at 60 days of storage. It has also found that the isolate can retain their viability up to 120 days in all the cases.

Preliminary joint X-ray and neutron protein crystallographic studies of endoxylanase II from the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

Abstract: Room-temperature X-ray and neutron diffraction data were measured from a family 11 endoxylanase holoenzyme (XynII) originating from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum to 1.55 A resolution using a home source and to 1.80 A resolution using the Protein Crystallography Station at LANSCE. Crystals of XynII, which is an important enzyme for biofuel production, were grown at pH 8.5 in order to examine the effect of basic conditions on the protonation-state distribution in the active site and throughout the protein molecule and to provide insights for rational engineering of catalytically improved XynII for industrial applications.

RAPD Analysis of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Isolated from Pigeonpea Fields of Uttar Pradesh

Abstract: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were used in combination with dilution plating on semi selective medium for detection and identification of Trichoderma a potential bio-control agent utilized in compost amended mixes. Distinct and reproducible fingerprints were obtained upon amplification of purified genomic DNA of T. longibrachiatum with random primers of Operon (OPA) series. The amount of genetic variation was evaluated with a set of 20 RAPD primers. More than 50% of the amplified fragments in each case were polymorphic. It is concluded that there was good genetic variability among the isolates collected from pigeonpea fields of Uttar Pradesh.

Effect of trichoderma isolates on yielding of wild strains of coprinus comatus

Abstract: The impact of infestation with Trichoderma aggressivum f. europeanum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolates on the yield- ing of three wild strains and one cultivated strain of Coprinus comatus was investigated. A significant yield reduction of C. comatus on substrates infested with the examined Trichoderma isolates was determined. The recorded percentage yield reduction was significantly higher in the case of the infestation with the T. aggressivum than with the T. longibrachiatum isolate.