Showing papers on "Trichoderma longibrachiatum published in 2013"

Structure, dynamics, and activity of xylanase solvated in binary mixtures of ionic liquid and water.

Abstract: We have discovered that a family 11 xylanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum maintains significant activity in low concentrations of the ionic liquids (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([E...

Tomato below ground-above ground interactions: Trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists.

Abstract: Below ground and above ground plant-insect-microorganism interactions are complex and regulate most of the developmental responses of important crop plants such as tomato. We investigated the influence of root colonization by a nonmycorrhizal plant-growth-promoting fungus on direct and indirect defenses of tomato plant against aphids. The multitrophic system included the plant Solanum lycopersicum ('San Marzano nano'), the root-associated biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain MK1, the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (a tomato pest), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi, and the aphid predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. Laboratory bioassays were performed to assess the effect of T. longibrachiatum MK1, interacting with the tomato plant, on quantity and quality of volatile organic compounds (VOC) released by tomato plant, aphid development and reproduction, parasitoid behavior, and predator behavior and development. When compared with the uncolonized controls, plants whose roots were colonized by T. longibrachiatum MK1 showed quantitative differences in the release of specific VOC, better aphid population growth indices, a higher attractiveness toward the aphid parasitoid and the aphid predator, and a quicker development of aphid predator. These findings support the development of novel strategies of integrated control of aphid pests. The species-specific or strain-specific characteristics of these below ground-above ground interactions remain to be assessed.

Isolated sinusitis sphenoidalis caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in an immunocompetent patient with headache.

Abstract: We present a case of isolated sinusitis sphenoidalis caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, an emerging causal agent of fungal infections with an often fatal outcome A Trichoderma strain was isolated from secretion obtained from the sinus sphenoidalis of a rhinosinusitis patient and identified by sequence analysis of two loci as Trichoderma longibrachiatum from the Longibrachiatum Clade of the genus Trichoderma T longibrachiatum can trigger a fatal pathomechanism in immunodeficient patients, but only rarely causes disease in healthy people The case presented is unique because the patient was not immunocompromised

Production and characterization of cellulolytic activities produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum (GHL)

Abstract: The indigenous cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum (GHL) isolated from soil near an Algerian hot spring was used for the production of cellulases by submerged fermentation on Mandels medium with cellulose Avicel (1%) as the sole carbon source. Endoglucanase and filter paper activities of the wild-type strain of Trichoderma were compared to the hypercellulolytic mutated Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30, in shake flask cultures at 35°C. After seven days of fermentation, T. longibrachiatum show equivalent activities than T. reesei (10.61 IU/ml of endoglucanase (CMCase) and 2.04 IU/ml of filter paper activity (FPA)). On the other hand, the s-glucosidase activity of Trichoderma GHL was twice more important than that of T. reseei . The influence of inoculum size on cellulase activities did not prove significant differences in enzymatic activities for spore concentrations between 105 and 108 spores/ml. The cellulases produced by the isolated strain were also characterized. The optimum temperatures were 55 and 60°C for endoglucanase and FPA, respectively. The endoglucanase was thermostable at 70°C after 5 h incubation, and it preserved 80% of the original activity. The half-life of the FPA appeared to be 3 h at 60°C. The endoglucanase was optimally active at pH 4.0, and the FPA was optimal at pH 4.0 and 5.0. These activities were stable at 50°C after 5 h incubation in a pH range of 3.0 to 6.0 and 4.0 to 6.0, respectively. These results suggest that the non-mutated strain T. longibrachiatum (GHL) should be an attractive producer for cellulases production. Keywords : Cellulase, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma longibrachiatum , submerged fermentation, characterization African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(5), pp. 465-475

Microbial agent and preparation method as well as application thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial agent and a preparation method as well as an application of the microbial agent The microbial agent comprises functional bacteria and an adsorbent and is characterized in that the functional bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, trichoderma longibrachiatum and aspergillus niger, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial fermentations of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus megatherium, the trichoderma longibrachiatum and the aspergillus niger in a mixture is 05-2:05-2:05-2:05-2 The microbial agent is prepared by carrying out the processes of slant culture, shake-flask culture, seeding tank fermentation, fermentation tank fermentation, microbial fermentation mixing, absorbent absorption, and low-temperature drying, and the microbial agent can be applied to the production of straw manure

Sequencing of 28SrRNA Gene for Identification of Trichoderma longibrachiatum 28CP/7444 Species in Soil Sample

Abstract: Most of the Trichoderma species are morphologically very similar and were considered for many years as a single species. Since new species were discovered, a consolidated taxonomical scheme was needed and proposed and defined nine morphological species aggregates. DNA methods brought additional valuable criteria to the taxonomy of Trichoderma which are being used today for studies that include identification and phylogenetic classification. Most isolates of the genus Trichoderma that were found to act as mycoparasites of many economically important aerial and soil-borne plant pathogens. Trichoderma has attained importance for substitute of chemical pesticides and hence an attempt was intended to corroborate the positive relatedness of molecular and morphological characters. A fungal strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum 28CP/7444 was isolated from a soil sample collected from Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The universal primers were used for amplification of the 28S rRNA gene fragment and strain characterized by using 28S rRNA gene sequence with the help of ITS marker. It is proposed that the identified strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum 28CP be assigned as the type strain of a species of the genus Trichoderma based on phylogenetic tree analysis together with the 28S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. The sequence was deposited in GenBank with the accession number JX978541. Thus an integrated approach of morphological and molecular markers can be employed to identify a superior strain of Trichoderma for its commercial exploitation.

Endocarditis por Trichoderma longibrachiatum en paciente con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria.

Abstract: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) improves the quality of life of the patients although it has complications. Catheter-related infections and mechanical complications are the most frequent ones. We report the case of endocarditis over catheter in a man suffering from short bowel and receiving HPN. The special features of the case are firstly the catheter was a remaining fragment on the right atrial and secondly the infection was caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, an isolated fact regarding this pathology so far. Conventional surgery was applied to take the catheter out. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Ochrobactrum anthropi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were isolated from the surgical specimen. The extraction of the infected catheter along with antibiotic therapy led to the complete recovery of the subject. Ochrobactrum anthropi and Trichoderma longibrachiatum are unusual microorganisms but they are acquiring more relevance. Although there is no agreement about intravascular retained catheter management, the most recommended approach consists on monitoring them and removing the device in case of complications.

Molecular characterization of Trichoderma longibrachiatum 21PP isolated from rhizospheric soil based on universal ITS primers

Abstract: Trichoderma species are morphologically very similar and were considered for many years as a single species. A new strain Trichoderma longibrachiatum 21PP was isolated from a rhizospheric soil sample collected from Kaushambi district of an Indian State (Uttar Pradesh). The universal primers (ITS-1& ITS-4) were used for the amplification of 28S rRNA gene fragment that produced a sharp band of about 700 bp on the gel. The amplified gene fragment was then sequenced (664 bp) and then deposited in GenBank with the Accession No. JX978542. Thus, the molecular identification of the specified strain enabled us for further characterization as this strain of Trichoderma species can be used as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium, Alternaria, Sclerotinia, etc. It is proposed that the identified strain T. longibrachiatum 21PP be assigned as the type strain of a species of the genus together with the 28S rRNA gene sequence search in Ribosomal Database Project, small subunit rRNA and large subunit rRNA databases. Key words: 28S ribosomal RNA gene, Trichoderma, polymerase chain reaction, phylogenetic analysis, DNA isolation, DNA sequencing.

"Trilongins" offer insight into mold toxicity.

Abstract: Mold contamination inside buildings is a widespread occurrence that can cause a range of adverse health effects in certain people. But with tens of thousands of mold species and many mechanisms through which they may cause harm, much remains unknown about this realm of environmental exposures.1,2 Investigators now report that one mold, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, does some of its damage through a combined set of toxins previously unidentified for this species, at least two of which also had never been identified for any fungal species.3 The team of Finnish, Hungarian, and Russian researchers also determined that two classes of the toxin act synergistically to exacerbate the potency and duration of the toxic effects. They are unaware of any previous reports of such synergy. Each mold species produces a unique set of toxins depending on species, strain, and growing conditions (e.g., temperature, incubation time, nutrient source, associated substances), with some uncertainty continuing to occur as toxin identification science is refined, according to principal investigator Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen, research director for the Department of Food and Environmental Sciences at Finland’s University of Helsinki. T. longibrachiatum, a fungus commonly found around the globe in a variety of damp indoor and outdoor settings, has been identified in a handful of case reports as an emerging human pathogen implicated in allergic sinusitis, lung and skin infections, and fatal postoperative infections in immunocompromised patients. In the curren study the researchers began by exposing boar sperm cells to T. longibrachiatrum isolates taken from inside a Finnish moisture-damaged home, from the bodies of people with serious T. longibrachiatum infections, and from three diverse terrestrial locations (Wales, Egypt, and Antarctica). Exposure to T. longibrachiatum was linked to increased permeability, via voltage-dependent sodium and potassium ion channels, in some sperm cellular membranes. Additional observed damage, generally consistent with other research, included sperm motility inhibition and mitochondrial depolarization. Normal ion channels perform vital cellular functions such as electrical and chemical signaling, regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentration and pH, and cell volume regulation. They also maintain mitochondrial polarization, which is essential to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that acts as the medium of energy exchange for all cells. Dysfunctional ion channels are known to be key elements in a panoply of diseases, including epilepsy, cardiac arrhythmia, cystic fibrosis, kidney stones, hypertension, and various retinal, hearing, and skeletal-muscle diseases.4 This sample of T. longibrachiatum was isolated from a moisture-damaged residence in Finland. After growing for 5 days at 37˚C, up to 2% of the fungal biomass by weight consisted of toxic trilongins. Further investigation by the team revealed that the substances involved in the ion channel damage contained various mixtures of two size classes of peptaibols—one 11-residue peptaibol and eight 20-residue peptaibols. Peptaibols are secondary metabolites formed by certain fungi that have been generally known for many years to alter ion channels in membranes.5 The team discovered that the peptaibols acted synergistically, with greater damage caused by isolates in which the two classes were combined. In toxicity tests, the half-maximal effective concentration of combined peptaibol classes was 5–25 times lower than that of single classes. Channels remained open about twice as long after exposure to combined classes, compared with exposure to a single class. Salkinoja-Salonen says her team coined the term “trilongins” (“trilong-” is from “Trichoderma longibrachiatum,” and “-in” is the suffix for any peptaibol toxin) for the specific sets of peptaibols they identified to distinguish the unique group effect from that of single peptaibols. She says she and colleagues are working on additional studies investigating other fungal species, health end points, and toxins. Boar sperm cells are good for studying mitochondria and mitochondrial toxins because the tail of the sperm contains many mitochondria that produce ATP, which is thought to power the flagellum, says Harriet Ammann, a toxicologist in Olympia, Wash-ing-ton, and a member of the committee that produced the 2004 U.S. Institute of Medicine publication Damp Indoor Spaces and Health.6 “Inhibition of motility is a sign of decreased or abolished mitochondrial function,” she explains. Ammann points out that the documented mitochondrial effect could be critical since it indicates that a key function, energy production, could be significantly impaired. “Disabling of mitochondria could have widespread deleterious effects across systems, leading to greater susceptibility to infectious disease, an effect of this fungus already documented,” she says. In addition, she says, Trichoderma species produce other toxins with different mechanisms, which in all likelihood also work either additively or synergistically with peptaibols. Identifying the ion channel damage pathway is important because there is little in the way of effective remedies for human trichodermal infections. “To my knowledge, treatment of [fungal-related] ion channel effects has not been developed,” Amman says. The only viable recourse for now, she adds, is to avoid exposure, saying that the new findings provide greater impetus to keep indoor environments dry and clean.

[Parasitic and lethal effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum on Heterodera avenae: microscopic observation and bioassay].

Abstract: A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the parasitic and lethal effects of Trichoderma longibrachiatum conidia suspension on Heterodera avenae cysts. Different concentrations (1.5 x 10(5)-1.5 x 10(7) cfu x mL(-1)) of T. longibrachiatum conidia suspension had strong parasitic and lethal effects on H. avenae cysts, and the effects differed significantly among the different concentrations. When treated with the T. longibrachiatum conidia suspension at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(7) cfu x mL(-1), 96.7% of the H. avenae cysts were parasitized by the conidia at the 18th day, and the hatching rate of the cysts was inhibited by 91.2% at the 22nd day. The microscopic observation showed that at the initial parasitic stage, T. longibrachiatum conidia suspension adhered or parasitized on the cyst surface, germinated a large number of hyphae, and grew on the cyst surface, making the development of cyst embryo stopped and the contents in cysts flocculated, and even, some cysts started to deform, and small dark brown vacuoles formed on the cyst surface. At the later parasitic stage, the cysts were penetrated by dense mycelium, cysts were broken, their contents exosmosed, and the mycelium on the integument of some cysts produced conidiophores, on which, conidium were adhered or parasitized. It was considered that T. longibrachiatum could be used as a potential high-efficient bioagent to control the occurrence and damage of H. avenae.

Saline-alkali tolerant trichoderma harzianum and application thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses saline-alkali tolerant trichoderma harzianum and application thereof. The strain number of the saline-alkali tolerant trichoderma harzianum disclosed by the invention is 29HB16; the accession number of the saline-alkali tolerant trichoderma harzianum in a general microorganism center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms is CGMCC No.7975. The trichoderma longibrachiatum 29HB16 disclosed by the invention can tolerate salt stress caused by less than 80 g/L of salinity, and alkali stress of which pH is less than 8.0; the trichoderma harzianum 29HB16 disclosed by the invention is imported to saline alkali soil; a fungal disease can be effectively prevented and treated by biological control; an environment can be effectively improved; balance of an agricultural ecological system is maintained.

The screening and selection of trichoderma species capable of Producing extracellular cellulolytic enzymes from soil of Decaying plant materials

Abstract: The study of the screening and selection of Trichoderma species capable of producing extracellular cellulolytic enzymes from soil of decaying plant materials and investigation of the optimum conditions for their production of the enzymes was undertaken in order to obtain organisms with cellulolytic capability. The soil samples were collected using sealed cellophane bags and a sterile spatula by digging twenty centimetres deep from the soil surface and fungal isolation was carried out immediately. Isolation and identification of fungal isolates were performed using standard procedures and then screened for cellulase production. Optimization studies of enzymes production for selected Trichoderma species were conducted. Five Trichoderma species were isolated from the soil samples viz: Trichoderma koningii , T. reesei , T. longibrachiatum , T. harzianum and T. viride . Three out of the five Trichoderma species isolated namely Trichoderma longibrachiatum, T. harzianum and T. viride produced appreciable amount of cellulase activity and were used for further studies. Maximum production of cellulase was obtained on the 11 th day in all isolates. Commercial carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was the best substrate for cellulase production for all the isolated Trichoderma species giving the highest values of 786.67 reducing sugar equivalent per minute per millilitre of enzyme (units/ml) for T. longibrachiatum while potassium nitrate (KNO 3) was the bestnitrogen compound for cellulase production with T. viride giving the highest value of 846.67 units/ml. Optimum production of cellulase was attained at a concentration of 10 mg/ml for carboxymethyl cellulose and 1.0 mg/ml for KNO 3 for all the three Trichoderma species. The study concluded that T. longibrachiatum , T. harzianum and T. viride isolated from soil of decaying plant materials produced proteins, which exhibited appreciable cellulase activity and could be used in producing cellulases for industrial and biotechnological uses. Keywords: Cellulolytic enzyme; Trichoderma species; Soil samples; Industrial purposes; Optimum production.

Research article EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA SPP. AGAINST SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII IN VITRO

Abstract: To evaluate the effect of Trichoderma spp. on radial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, three species of Trichoderma viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were selected. The results from this experiment revealed that T. viride (TvL), T. harzianum 4 (Th 4) and T. harzianum 14 (Th14) isolates were found effective and showed lowest radial growth of 3.50 cm and highest per cent inhibition (56.25%) of S. rolfsii but were statistically on par with each other. The highest radial growth (4.23 cm) and lowest per cent inhibition (47.1%) were recorded with T. longibrachiatum (Tl2). Results from non-volatile assay indicated that irrespective of concentration, culture filtrate of T. viride (TvL) was found to be most effective; recorded lowest radial growth and highest per cent inhibition followed by T. harzianum 14 (Th14) and T. harzianum 4 (Th4).

Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain and application thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a trichoderma longibrachiatum strain and an application thereof. A novel trichoderma longibrachiatum strain CD-6 capable of producing a cellulose degrading enzyme is screened out by the invention. The trichoderma longibrachiatum strain CD-6 is convenient for culture and rapid in growth and reproduction, has relatively high production capacity for endoglucanase, exoglucanase and xylanase, and has relatively high enzyme activity.

Biocontrol of Mushroom Spoilage Fungi andAflatoxin Evaluation During Storage

Abstract: The use of chemical substances in the control of pathogens is relatively expensive, it constitutes environmental hazards coupled with high level of toxicity to humans and it is therefore considered unsafe. Studies were carried out to investigate the biocontrol of fungi causing spoilage in mushroom and aflatoxin production during storage. The results obtained revealed that four species of fungi namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated from the spoilt mushroom samples. The antagonistic activities of four biocontrol agents; Trichoderma asperellum CMI T158, Trichoderma longibrachiatum CMI T167, Pseudomonas fluorescence CMI F113 and Bacillus subtilis CMI 22BN against the isolated spoilage fungi were tested using the agar well diffusion method. The optimization of the antagonistic activities of the biocontrol agent metabolites was carried out based on pH and temperature variations. The heat stability of the metabolites produced by the biocontrol agents and the aflatoxin production during storage of the mushroom samples were evaluated. The results obtained revealed that Bacillus subtilis did not inhibit Aspergillus fumigatus, but inhibited Aspergillus niger, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stononifer with inhibition zones of 25mm 0.18, 21mm0.11 and 20mm0.13 respectively. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Trichoderma longibrachiatum inhibited all the tested pathogens, while Trichoderma asperellum did not inhibit A. fumigatus and A. niger but inhibited B. theobromae and R. stolonifer showing inhibition zones of 22mm 0.15 and 20mm 014 respectively. The effect of varying pH on the inhibitory activity of the metabolites produced by the biocontrol agents showed that the optimum inhibitory ability of the bacterial biocontrol agents were enhanced at pH 6.0, while the fungal biocontrol agents showed maximum inhibitory activity at pH 5.0. However variations in temperatures revealed that both the bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents were more effective at 30 0 C. The monitoring of the thermal stability of the metabolites produced by the biocontrol agents indicated that they were inhibitory at 20

Identifikasi Jamur pada rizofir Tanaman Nenas (Ananas comosus L.) dan Uji Indikasi Antagonisnya terhadap patogen Thielaviopsis Paradoxa di Desa Rimbo Panjang Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar

Abstract: The objective of this research was to identify the fungi at pineapple rizoshere and indication of its antagonism to Thielaviopsis paradoxa. It was conducted at laboratory from April to Juli 2006 and sampling method was purposive sampling. The parameters of this research were identification of the rizophere fungi and the ability of rizophere fungi ti inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The reasult of this research can be summarized that the pineapple rizosphere fungi identified were: 1). Bispora Sp, 2). Trichocladium Sp, 3). Trichoderma harzianicum, 4). Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Bispora Sp. and Trichocladium Sp. Do not have the ability to inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis paradoxa, while Trichoderma harzianicum and Trichoderma longibrachiatum have the ability y to inhibit the growth of Thielaviopsis paradoxa.