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Showing papers on "Trichoderma longibrachiatum published in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Application of T. longibrachiatum H9 to the roots of cucumber plants effectively promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the disease index of gray mold caused by B. cinerea.
Abstract: Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for many plant pathogens, thus the mechanism of Trichoderma-induced plant resistance is not fully understood. In this study, a novel Trichoderma strain was identified, which could promote plant growth and reduce the disease index of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in cucumber. To assess the impact of Trichoderma inoculation on the plant response, a multi-omics approach was performed in the Trichoderma-inoculated cucumber plants through the analyses of the plant transcriptome, proteome, and phytohormone content. A novel Trichoderma strain was identified by morphological and molecular analysis, here named T. longibrachiatum H9. Inoculation of T. longibrachiatum H9 to cucumber roots promoted plant growth in terms of root length, plant height, and fresh weight. Root colonization of T. longibrachiatum H9 in the outer layer of epidermis significantly inhibited the foliar pathogen B. cinerea infection in cucumber. The plant transcriptome and proteome analyses indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in cucumber plants 96 h post T. longibrachiatum H9 inoculation. Up-regulated DEGs and DEPs were mainly associated with defense/stress processes, secondary metabolism, and phytohormone synthesis and signaling, including jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), in the T. longibrachiatum H9-inoculated cucumber plants in comparison to untreated plants. Moreover, the JA and SA contents significantly increased in cucumber plants with T. longibrachiatum H9 inoculation. Application of T. longibrachiatum H9 to the roots of cucumber plants effectively promoted plant growth and significantly reduced the disease index of gray mold caused by B. cinerea. The analyses of the plant transcriptome, proteome and phytohormone content demonstrated that T. longibrachiatum H9 mediated plant systemic resistance to B. cinerea challenge through the activation of signaling pathways associated with the phytohormones JA/ET and SA in cucumber.

87 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that the strain of TL-6 effectively promoted wheat growth and enhanced plant tolerance to NaCl stress through the increased ACC-deaminase activity and IAA production inTL-6 stain that modulate the IAA and ethylene synthesis, and regulate the transcriptional levels of IAAand ethylene syntheses expression in wheat seedling roots under salt stress.
Abstract: Trichoderma species, a class of plant beneficial fungi, may provide opportunistic symbionts to induce plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. Here, we determined the possible mechanisms responsible for the indole acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase (ACC-deaminase) producing strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and enhancing plant tolerance to NaCl stress. Wheat treated with or without TL-6 was grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. TL-6 showed a high level of tolerance to 10 mg ml− 1 of NaCl stress and the inhibitory effect was more pronounced at higher NaCl concentrations. Under NaCl stress, the activity of ACC-deaminase and IAA concentration in TL-6 were promoted, with the activity of ACC-deaminase increased by 26% at the salt concentration of 10 mg ml− 1 and 31% at 20 mg ml− 1, compared with non-saline stress; and the concentration of IAA was increased by 10 and 7%, respectively (P < 0.05). The increased ACC-deaminase and IAA concentration in the TL-6 strain may serve as an important signal to alleviate the negative effect of NaCl stress on wheat growth. As such, wheat seedlings with the ACC-deaminase and IAA producing strain of TL-6 treatment under NaCl stress increased the IAA concentration by an average of 11%, decreased the activity of ACC oxidase (ACO) by an average of 12% and ACC synthase (ACS) 13%, and decreased the level of ethylene synthesis and the content of ACC by 12 and 22%, respectively (P < 0.05). The TL-6 treatment decreased the transcriptional level of ethylene synthesis genes expression, and increased the IAA production genes expression significantly in wheat seedlings roots; down-regulated the expression of ACO genes by an average of 9% and ACS genes 12%, whereas up-regulated the expression of IAA genes by 10% (P < 0.05). TL-6 treatments under NaCl stress decreased the level of Na+ accumulation; and increased the uptake of K+ and the ratio of K+/Na+, and the transcriptional level of Na+/H+ antiporter gene expression in both shoots and roots. Our results indicate that the strain of TL-6 effectively promoted wheat growth and enhanced plant tolerance to NaCl stress through the increased ACC-deaminase activity and IAA production in TL-6 stain that modulate the IAA and ethylene synthesis, and regulate the transcriptional levels of IAA and ethylene synthesis genes expression in wheat seedling roots under salt stress, and minimize ionic toxicity by disturbing the intracellular ionic homeostasis in the plant cells. These biochemical, physiological and molecular responses helped promote the wheat seedling growth and enhanced plant tolerance to salt stress.

71 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new insight is provided into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.
Abstract: Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Species of Trichoderma are widely recognized for their bio-control abilities, but little information is regarding to the ability and mechanisms of their promoting plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to different levels of salt stress. Hence, we determined (i) the role of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under different levels of salt stress, and (ii) the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tolerance of wheat to salt stress by TL-6. Wheat seeds treated with or without TL-6 were grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. As such, the TL-6 treatments promoted seed germination and increased the shoot and root weights of wheat seedlings under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. Wheat seedlings with TL-6 treatments under different levels of NaCl stress increased proline content by an average of 11%, ascorbate 15%, and glutathione 28%; and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by an average of 19% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 13%. The TL-6 treatments induced the transcriptional level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, leading to the increases of glutathione s-transferase (GST) by an average of 17%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 16%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 17%, glutathione reductase (GR) 18%, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) 5%. Our results indicate that the beneficial strain of TL-6 effectively scavenged ROS under NaCl stress through modulating the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, regulating the transcriptional levels of ROS scavenging enzyme gene expression, and enhancing the nonenzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedling in response to salt stress. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results reveal that the three isolates of Trichoderma, regardless of their origin, alleviate the stress produced by salinity, resulting in larger plants with an air- dry weight percentage above 80% in saline stress conditions for T. longibrachiatum, or an increase in root-dry weight close to 50% when T. europaeum was applied.
Abstract: This present study evaluates three isolates of Trichoderma as plant growth promoting or biological control agents: Trichoderma aggressivum f. sp. europaeum, Trichoderma saturnisporum, and the marine isolate obtained from Posidonia oceanica, Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The purpose is to contribute to an overall reduction in pesticide residues in the fruit and the environment and to a decrease in chemical fertilizers, the excess of which aggravates one of the most serious abiotic stresses, salinity. The tolerance of the different isolates to increasing concentrations of sodium chloride was evaluated in vitro, as well as their antagonistic capacity against Pythium ultimum. The plant growth promoting capacity and effects of Trichoderma strains on the severity of P. ultimum on melon seedlings under saline conditions were also analysed. The results reveal that the three isolates of Trichoderma, regardless of their origin, alleviate the stress produced by salinity, resulting in larger plants with an air-dry weight percentage above 80% in saline stress conditions for T. longibrachiatum, or an increase in root-dry weight close to 50% when T. aggressivum f. sp. europaeum was applied. Likewise, the three isolates showed antagonistic activity against P. ultimum, reducing the incidence of the disease, with the highest response found for T. longibrachiatum. Biological control of P. ultimum by T. aggressivum f. sp. europaeum and T. saturnisporum is reported for the first time, reducing disease severity by 62.96% and 51.85%, respectively. This is the first description of T. aggressivum f. sp. europaeum as a biological control agent and growth promoter. The application of these isolates can be of enormous benefit to horticultural crops, in both seedbeds and greenhouses.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In SmF of synthetic media with an initial pH of 6.5 at 30°C, the produced levels of both cellulases and endoglucanase by Trichoderma species were higher than the levels for the Aspergillus fumigatus strains.
Abstract: Cellulases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes that break down cellulose to glucose units. These enzymes are used in the food, beverage, textile, pulp, and paper and the biofuel industries. The aim of this study was to isolate fungi from natural compost and produce cellulases in submerged fermentation (SmF). Initial selection was based on the ability of the fungi to grow on agar containing Avicel followed by cellulase activity determination in the form of endoglucanase and total cellulase activity. Ten fungal isolates obtained from the screening process showed good endoglucanase activity on carboxymethyl cellulose-Congo Red agar plates. Six of the fungal isolates were selected based on high total cellulase activity and identified as belonging to the genera Trichoderma and Aspergillus. In SmF of synthetic media with an initial pH of 6.5 at 30°C Trichoderma longibrachiatum LMLSAUL 14-1 produced total cellulase activity of 8 FPU/mL and endoglucanase activity of 23 U/mL whilst Trichoderma harzianum LMLBP07 13-5 produced 6 FPU/mL and endoglucanase activity of 16 U/mL. The produced levels of both cellulases and endoglucanase by Trichoderma species were higher than the levels for the Aspergillus fumigatus strains. Aspergillus fumigatus LMLPS 13-4 produced higher β-glucosidase 38 U/mL activity than Trichoderma species.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: None of the obtained results revealed characteristic differences between strains of clinical and agricultural origin, nor between the two taxa, supporting that agricultural environments may be significant sources of infections caused by these emerging human fungal pathogens.
Abstract: Trichoderma species are abundant in different agricultural habitats, but some representatives of this genus, mainly clade Longibrachiatum members are also emerging as causative agents of various human diseases with even fatal outcome. Strains of these species frequently show resistance to commonly used azole antifungals. Based on previous data it is hypothesized that Trichoderma isolates identified in human infections derive from environmental-including agricultural-origins. We examined Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai and Trichoderma bissettii Sandoval-Denis & Guarro strains recovered from four novel cases of human mycoses, along with isolates from previous case reports and different agricultural habitats, using multilocus phylogenetic analysis, BIOLOG Phenotype Microarrays and Etest. Strains attributed to T. bissettii were more abundant in both clinical and agricultural specimens compared to T. longibrachiatum. The majority of the isolates of both taxa could tolerate >256, >32 and >32 μg/ml fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole, respectively. None of the obtained results revealed characteristic differences between strains of clinical and agricultural origin, nor between the two taxa, supporting that agricultural environments may be significant sources of infections caused by these emerging human fungal pathogens. Furthermore, based on our findings we propose the re-classification of T. bissettii as T. longibrachiatum f. sp. bissettii.

22 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To develop species-specific markers for detecting Trichoderma koningiopsis and T. longibrachiatum, the sequence-characterized amplified region technique, using 20 inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction primers, was performed.
Abstract: Molecular markers enable the detection and classification of fungi isolated from their natural environments. To develop species-specific markers for detecting Trichoderma koningiopsis and T. longibrachiatum, the sequence-characterized amplified region technique, using 20 inter-simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction primers, was performed. The two specific markers for amplifying a single unique band consistent with T. koningiopsis and T. longibrachiatum, which were absent with other Trichoderma strains, were successfully identified. These fragments had no meaningful sequence homology with known sequences available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information and TrichOKEY databases. Compared with traditional identification techniques, these markers can facilitate more rapid and less complicated studies of Trichoderma population dynamics and evaluate their establishment after release into agricultural environments.

22 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The produced enzyme can be efficiently used in the removal of mannan based food stain and the efficiency of the produced enzyme in the production of manno-oligosaccharides by the hydrolysis ofMannan polymers was examined.
Abstract: β-Mannanases are β-1,4-mannan-glycosidic bonds hydrolyzing enzymes that participate in various biotechnological applications. In the current study, the production of the enzyme was performed by solid state fermentation of rice straw using the locally isolated fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum RS1 and the production of the enzyme was optimized to reach 89.73U/g dry substrate. The isolated fungus was identified on the base of its cultural and morphological features and by 18S rDNA sequencing.The optimum temperature for the activity of the partially purified enzyme was indicated to be 75 °C. Although production of fungal β-mannanases have been previously studied but the production of thermo-active enzymes are still challengeable. The Vmax and Km were 6.2U/mg protein/min and 3.33 mg/mL respectively, indicating the comparatively high affinity of the produced enzyme toward mannan substrates. The thermal stability of the produced enzyme estimated that its half lives were 633.01, 50.77 and 20.25 min−1 at 55, 60 and 65 °C respectively. The produced enzyme can be efficiently used in the removal of mannan based food stain. Moreover, the efficiency of the produced enzyme in the production of manno-oligosaccharides by the hydrolysis of mannan polymers was examined. The results indicated the release of 1.8 and 0.66 mg reducing sugar/mL by the hydrolysis of locust bean and guar gum for 2 h with hydrolysis percentage of 27 and 9.9% respectively. Finally, the produced manno-oligosaccharides were examined for their antioxidant activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical.

20 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Conclusively, the nano-capsulation process improves the kinetics and operational stability so could be useful as a debittering agent for various thermal processing applications in citrus juices industries which makes the fruit juice more acceptable and cost-effective to the consumer.
Abstract: Characteristics of naringinase nano-encapsulated forms on different carrier materials (chitosan and alginate polymers) were investigated in this study. Screening of twelve fungal isolates for naringinase production indicated that Trichoderma longibrachiatum was the most promising. Grapefruit rind was used as a substrate containing naringin for naringinase production. TEM micrographs showed that chitosan nano-capsules were applied for the production of morphologically homogeneous enzymatic nano-particles with high enzyme encapsulation efficiency, small asymmetric sizes (from 15.09 to 27.07 nm with the mean of 21.8 nm) and rough surfaces compared to nano-encapsulated naringinase in alginate which showed nano-particle size (from 33.37 to 51.01 nm with the mean of 43.03 nm). It was revealed that the highest naringinase activity was found in case of chitosan nano-capsule naringinase compared to alginate nano-capsule one. Thermogram analysis (TGA) showed that the free enzyme loses about 92% of its weight at approximately 110°C, while the nano-encapsulated ones show more stability at higher temperatures. Conclusively, the nano-capsulation process improves the kinetics and operational stability so could be useful as a debittering agent for various thermal processing applications in citrus juices industries which makes the fruit juice more acceptable and cost-effective to the consumer.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
25 Jul 2019
TL;DR: The study established the optimal valorization of corncob to produce xylanase by the fungal isolates and validated of outcomes of the optimal combination of parameters resulted in a significant improvement in the yield of xylanases.
Abstract: Xylanases are important in producing several commercially valued bioproducts. In this study, xylanases were produced by Aspergillus niger L3 and Trichoderma longibrachiatum L2 using corncob, an agricultural waste, as sole carbon source. The impact of important fermentation parameters at individual and interactive levels were studied using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Substantial variation in enzyme synthesis was observed among designated factor levels. The optimal conditions to produce xylanases were 20% inoculum size, 24 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for A. niger L3; and inoculum size 12.5%, 72 h fermentation time, substrate concentration of 15 g/l at pH 5.5 for T. longibrachiatum L2. Validation of outcomes of the optimal combination of parameters resulted in a significant improvement of approximately 208.09 and 192.59% in the yield of xylanase by A. niger L3 (28.69 to 88.39 U/ml) and T. longibrachiatum L2 (22.13 to 64.75 U/ml), respectively. The study therefore established the optimal valorization of corncob to produce xylanase by the fungal isolates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Laccase production by T. rubrum LKY-7 during co-culturing was significantly influenced by the infection extent and the infection time of T. longibrachiatum, which resulted in a significant increase in laccase activity.
Abstract: 1) This work aimed to evaluate the influence of culture conditions on laccase production in the co-culture of wood-rotting fungus with Trichoderma sp. The effects of infection extent, infection time, and culture filtrate of Trichoderma sp. on the laccase production by wood-rotting fungus in co-culture were examined. T. rubrum LKY-7 and T. longibrachiatum were selected as fungi which are effective in co-culture for laccase production. A significant increase in laccase activity was observed when T. rubrum LKY-7 was co-cultured with T. longibrachiatum in glucose-peptone liquid medium, yielding an increase of more than 5 times in laccase activity, as compared with control. Laccase production by T. rubrum LKY-7 during co-culturing was significantly influenced by the infection extent and the infection time of T. longibrachiatum. Maximal laccase activity was obtained when T. rubrum LKY-7 culture was infected by T. longibrachiatum after 3 days of cultivation at an inoculum size ratio of 0.5 to 1. The addition of culture filtrate or autoclaved mycelium of T. longibrachiatum to T. rubrum LKY-7 culture did not significantly enhance laccase production by T. rubrum LKY-7 as compared with control (mono cultures of T. rubrum LKY-7).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the orthologue of glucose sensors in the outstanding biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, TlSTP1, participates in the regulation of peptaibols production.
Abstract: Trichoderma spp. are main producers of peptide antibiotics known as peptaibols. While peptaibols have been shown to possess a range of biological activities, molecular understanding of the regulation of their production is largely unclear, which hampers the production improvement through genetic engineering. Here, we demonstrated that the orthologue of glucose sensors in the outstanding biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2, TlSTP1, participates in the regulation of peptaibols production. Deletion of Tlstp1 markedly impaired hyphal growth and conidiation, but significantly increased peptaibols yield by 5-fold for Trichokonins A and 2.6-fold for Trichokonins B. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the increased peptaibols production occurs at the transcriptional levels of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoding genes, tlx1 and tlx2. Transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the Tlstp1 mutant strains indicated that TlSTP1 exerts a regulatory effect on a set of genes that are involved in a number of metabolic and cellular processes, including synthesis of several other secondary metabolites. These results suggest an important role of TlSTP1 in the regulation of vegetative growth and peptaibols production in T. longibrachiatum SMF2 and provide insights into construction of peptaibol-hyperproducing strains through genetic engineering.


Journal ArticleDOI
13 Nov 2019-Forests
TL;DR: It was showed that Trichoderma fungi generally repelled tunneling in O. formosanus, but may exert varied effects on aggregation preference by workers.
Abstract: The black-winged subterranean termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, is a severe pest of plantations and forests in China. This termite cultures symbiotic Termitomyces in the fungal combs, which are challenged by antagonistic microbes such as Trichoderma fungi. In a previous study we showed that O. formosanus workers made significantly fewer tunnels in sand containing commercially formulated conidia of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries compared with untreated sand. Herein, we hypothesize that fungi in the genus Trichoderma exert repellent effects on O. formosanus. Different choice tests were conducted to evaluate the tunneling and aggregation behaviors of O. formosanus workers reacting to sand/soil containing the unformulated conidia of seven Trichoderma fungi (Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai, Trichoderma koningii Oud., Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma hamatum (Bon.) Bain, Trichoderma atroviride Karsten, Trichoderma spirale Indira and Kamala, and T. viride). We also investigated the colony-initiation preference of paired O. formosanus adults to soil treated with Trichoderma conidia (T. koningii or T. longibrachiatum) versus untreated soil. Tunneling-choice tests showed that sand containing conidia of nearly all Trichoderma fungi tested (except T. harzianum) significantly decreased tunneling activity in O. formosanus workers compared with untreated sand. Aggregation-choice test showed that T. koningii, T. atroviride and T. spirale repelled O. formosanus workers, whereas T. longibrachiatum and T. hamatum attracted termites. There was no significant difference in proportions of paired adults that stayed and laid eggs in the soil blocks treated with conidia of Trichoderma fungi and untreated ones. Our study showed that Trichoderma fungi generally repelled tunneling in O. formosanus, but may exert varied effects on aggregation preference by workers.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appeared that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum is an additional probable cause of positive galactomannan results, which could be a caution point in the clinical evaluation of diagnostic results.
Abstract: Aspergillus galactomannan immunoassay is a main diagnostic and monitoring tool in medical mycology. However, the specificity of the method can be skewered by the presence of several other fungi. Trying to diagnose a possible fungal infection of the lower respiratory tract in a haematology patient, it appeared that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum is an additional probable cause of positive galactomannan results. Although, that Trichoderma is a rare but emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients, the above information could be a caution point in the clinical evaluation of diagnostic results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The highest enzyme producing isolate, Trichoderma longibrachiatum was subjected to screening and nutrients optimization experiments under solid state fermentation using a constant weight of African locust beans as substrate as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Six strains of Trichoderma species isolated from soil and air samples were screened for extracellular L-glutaminase production. The highest enzyme producing isolate, Trichoderma longibrachiatum was subjected to screening and nutrients optimization experiments under solid state fermentation using a constant weight of African locust beans as substrate. A specific activity of 54.96 U/mg was achieved at 1% (w/v) glutamine, 0.5% (w/v) glucose, 1% (w/v) NaCl, pH 3.0 and 1.4 ml inoculums size respectively after 3 days of incubation at 27°C as the optimum condition for L–glutaminase production. Asides glutamine, other nitrogen sources; malt extract and ammonium sulphate had a negative influence on enzyme production likewise the supplemented sources of metal ions; zinc and iron (II) ions. Key words: Trichoderma, L-glutaminase, fermentation, African locust beans.

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Dec 2019
TL;DR: The results of bio effect in the control of tomato seedlings disease caused by R. solani showed that T. longibrachiatum +PU (PUT) improve tomato seeds germination and enhanced plant growth as plant height reached 15.7cm compared with 13.5 and 12.9 in PVAT and control treatment respectively.
Abstract: This study was carried out in the laboratories and fields of Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and aimed at isolating and identifying Trichoderma spp. from different agricultural soils in Basrah and evaluating of the efficacy of some polymeric materials in the formulation of T. longibrachiatum as biofungicides. The results showed that there was no direct effect of Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) on the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and T. longibrachiatum as inhibition percentage was 0%. While Polyurethane (PU) had low effect on growth of T. longibrachiatum as inhibition percent was 4.47%. The results of pot experiment showed that PVA reduced tomato seeds germination to50% compared to 66.6 and 70% in PU and control treatment respectively. The results of bio effect in the control of tomato seedlings disease caused by R. solani showed that T. longibrachiatum +PU (PUT) improve tomato seeds germination and enhanced plant growth as plant height reached 15.7cm compared with 13.5 and 12.9 in PVAT and control treatment. The results also showed that the polymeric material improved longevity of T. longibrachiatum spores for six months, but the spore viability began to decreased gradually during the storage period, reaching 6.03?10? and 2.54?10? cfu.g-1 with PVAT and PUT respectively after six months compared to the number of spores before storage of 5.09 × 10? and 1.77 × 10? cfu.g -1 respectively.

Patent
18 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 strain wettable powder can be used for effectively preventing and controlling occurrence and dangers of apple altermaria leaf spot and apple anthracnose leaf blight.
Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of biological pesticide and in particular relates to trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 strain wettable powder and application thereof. Effective active components of the wettable powder comprise 10 percent of trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 strain conidiospore powder and further comprise 0.6 percent of a wetting agent, 5 percent of a dispersant, 0.05 percent of an adhesive, 0.1 percent of a spore germination accelerant, 0.3 percent of an ultraviolet protection agent and the balance of a carrier talcum powder. The trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 strain wettable powder can be used for effectively preventing and controlling occurrence and dangers of apple altermaria leaf spot and apple anthracnose leaf blight.

Patent
10 Sep 2019
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors revealed a strain of trichoderma longissima MD30 and a bio-organic fertilizer prepared therefrom, which can effectively promote the growth and yield of seedlings after transplanting.
Abstract: The invention discloses a strain of trichoderma longissima MD30 and a bio-organic fertilizer prepared therefrom. The trichoderma longissima MD30 is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 17467; the strain can grow normally at the high temperature of 40 DEG C and produce a large number of spores. The bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding the functional strain MD30 into a common organic fertilizer, and the viable count is preferably larger than or equal to 2.0*10 CFU/g based on the dry weight of the organic fertilizer. The product has a good growth promoting effect on the cucumber seedling stage and can effectively promote the growth and yield of seedlings after transplanting.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Genus Trichoderma contain many species that are of great economic importance because of ability to suppress pathogens and enhance their biocontrol capabilities against soil borne pathogen and among them TL-4 and TL-9 were found more effective against tested soil borne pathogens.
Abstract: Genus Trichoderma contain many species that are of great economic importance because of ability to suppress pathogens and enhance their biocontrol capabilities against soil borne pathogen. Nine isolates of T. longibrachiatum were obtained from rhizosphere soil of different districts of Vidarbha region. There was variability in colony growth, colony colour, reverse pigmentation, conidial shape and size, phialides etc. T. longibrachiatum isolates were evaluated for antagonism using dual culture technique and all isolates were found significant in controlling per cent growth inhibition of soil borne pathogens S. rolfsii, R. bataticola and F. udum. Growth inhibition was also recorded due to volatile substance produced by the isolates. Among the isolates TL-4 (Buldhana) and TL-9 (Yeotma) were found more effective against tested soil borne pathogens.

Patent
24 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this article, an ectomycorrhizal fungus complex microbial agent is described, which is made from 4-8 parts of complex ectomycrhizial fungi, 2-6 parts of bacteria for dissolving phosphorus and potassium, 2 -6 part of compound mildew, 20-30 parts of straw powder, 20 -30 parts coconut velvet, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2 −6 parts boracic acid, 3 −8 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 10 −15 parts of 2-hydroxypropyl
Abstract: The invention discloses an ectomycorrhizal fungus complex microbial agent. The ectomycorrhizal fungus complex microbial agent is prepared from 4-8 parts of complex ectomycorrhizal fungi, 2-6 parts of bacteria for dissolving phosphorus and potassium, 2-6 parts of compound mildew, 20-30 parts of straw powder, 20-30 parts of coconut velvet, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 2-6 parts of boracic acid, 3-8 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-15 parts of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, 10-15 parts of chitosan, 1-5 parts of growth hormone and 10-20 parts of olive fruit residues, wherein the complex ectomycorrhizal fungi are prepared by mixing pisolithus tinctorius, lactarius deliciosus and suillus bovinus; the bacteria for dissolving the phosphorus and potassium are bacillus megatherium and bacillus mucilaginosus; the compound mildew is a mixture of trichoderma longibrachiatum and streptomyces jingyangensis; various inoculants synergistically act to give play to a group joint action, and finally, a microbial community which is complex in composition, stable in structure and wide in function is formed. The plant and root growth can be promoted, the absorption of nutrient and water can be improved, it is achieved that the infection of a same host plant and different bacteria is diversified, nutrient absorption of the host plant is greatly improved, and the biomass is significantly improved.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of sonication and enzyme supplements on rumen degradability of date palm seeds (DPS) were evaluated under in vitro conditions, and the results indicated that sonication along with alkali pretreatment could improve the NDF and organic matter degradabilities of DPS in rumen.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sonication and enzyme supplements on rumen degradability of date palm seeds (DPS). The effect of alkali-assisted sonication and the addition of cellulase enzyme supplements (40 endoglucanase units/g dry matter) derived from Aspergillus niger or Trichoderma longibrachiatum on DPS ruminal degradability were evaluated under in vitro conditions. The in vitro ruminal degradability of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) for the unsonicated seeds was not affected (p>0.10) by enzyme supplements. On the other hand, alkali-assisted sonication increased the in vitro rumen degradability of seeds’ NDF and OM and the addition of Trichoderma longibrachiatum cellulase enzyme to sonicated seeds slightly but significantly increased (p<0.01) their in vitro NDF and OM degradability. The results indicate that sonication along with alkali pretreatment could improve the NDF and OM degradability of DPS in rumen. The pretreatment combined effect of ultrasound and Trichoderma longibrachiatum cellulase enzyme could be beneficial in increasing the inclusion rate of DPS in ruminant animals’ diets.

Patent
18 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The Trichoderma longibrachiatum (JG9-31, deposit No CGMCC No 16280 as mentioned in this paper can secrete cellulases, promote the rapid maturation of straw, can rapidly propagate in the low temperature range of 10-35 DEG C, and still has a strong ability to degrade cellulose under low temperature condition, and can rapidly degrade straw.
Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of industrial microorganisms, in particular to a Trichoderma longiflorum, a solid microbial agent thereof and an application thereof The Trichoderma longibrachiatum (JG9-31, deposit No CGMCC No 16280 The invention provides Trichoderma longum JG9-31 can secrete cellulases, promote the rapid maturation of straw, can rapidly propagate in the low temperature range of 10-35 DEG C, and still has a strong ability to degrade cellulose under the low temperature condition, and can rapidly degrade straw The invention also provides a solid microbial agent,comprising Trichoderma longiflorum JG9-31, Bacillus licheniformis and Streptomyces sp, three kinds of bacteria and the biological enzymes secreted by them form an efficient synergistic system, so that the compound microbial inoculum composed of the three kinds of bacteria can realize the rapid return of straw to the field under the low temperature condition without adding additional cellulase preparation into the compound microbial inoculum