Topic
Trichoderma reesei
About: Trichoderma reesei is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3832 publications have been published within this topic receiving 152877 citations. The topic is also known as: Trichoderma reesi.
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TL;DR: Analysis of isolates of Trichoderma spp.
209 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between physical and chemical properties of mixed hardwood and cellulolytic hydrolysis was studied, and it was shown that the 2-hour glucose yields from enzymatic hydroxylation depend solely on the surface area available to the enzyme, regardless of pretreatment method.
208 citations
TL;DR: Two different cellobiohydrolases, CBHI and CBHII, of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei both hydrolyse highly crystalline cellulose, and both of the two recombinant cellulases were able to degrade amorphous cellulose.
206 citations
TL;DR: The analysis presented in this paper shows that lignins with higher guaiacyl content adsorb more cellulase enzymes, particularly β‐glucosidase, and that adsorption of β-glucOSidase onto lignin indirectly suppresses enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in pretreated hardwoods due to decreased hydrolytic activity of cellobiose which in turn accumulates and inhibits CBH.
Abstract: The adsorption of cellulase enzymes onto lignin is shown to be non-productive and therefore reduces enzymatic hydrolysis of liquid hot water pretreated cellulose. Among the enzyme components of Trichoderma reesei cellulase cocktail, β-glucosidase showed the strongest adsorption onto lignin. Only 2–18% of the initial β-glucosidase activity remained in the supernatant while 50–60% of cellobiohydrolase and endoglucanase activities were recovered after incubation with lignin. By increasing the pH to 5.5 and adding NaCl to a 200 mM, the free enzymes in the supernatant were increased but hydrolysis was not enhanced since optimal pH for enzymatic hydrolysis is at 4.8. Electrostatic interactions contributed to enzyme adsorption and their effect was most pronounced for T. reesei β-glucosidase which had high molecular weights (78–94 kDa) and high isoelectric points (pI 5.7–6.4). Since the enzyme components which are required to synergistically hydrolyze cellulose have different profiles (molecular weight, hydrophobicity and pI), they exhibit different adsorption behaviors with lignin, and thereby change the ratio of enzyme activities needed for synergism during cellulose hydrolysis. β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger exhibits less adsorption than β-glucosidase from T. reesei. Supplemental addition of A. niger β-glucosidase to the enzyme mixture increases hydrolysis of pretreated hardwood by a factor of two. The analysis presented in this paper shows that lignins with higher guaiacyl content adsorb more cellulase enzymes, particularly β-glucosidase, and that adsorption of β-glucosidase onto lignin indirectly suppresses enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in pretreated hardwoods due to decreased hydrolysis of cellobiose which in turn accumulates and inhibits CBH. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 447–456. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
205 citations
TL;DR: Transcriptional profiling results from glycoside hydrolase induction experiments combined with a previous study of specific protein production conditions was shown to be an effective method for finding novel candidate regulatory genes affecting the production of cellulases and hemicellulases.
Abstract: The soft rot ascomycetal fungus Trichoderma reesei is utilized for industrial production of secreted enzymes, especially lignocellulose degrading enzymes. T. reesei uses several different enzymes for the degradation of plant cell wall-derived material, including 9 characterized cellulases, 15 characterized hemicellulases and at least 42 genes predicted to encode cellulolytic or hemicellulolytic activities. Production of cellulases and hemicellulases is modulated by environmental and physiological conditions. Several regulators affecting the expression of cellulase and hemicellulase genes have been identified but more factors still unknown are believed to be present in the genome of T. reesei. We have used transcriptional profiling data from T. reesei cultures in which cellulase/hemicellulase production was induced by the addition of different lignocellulose-derived materials to identify putative novel regulators for cellulase and hemicellulase genes. Based on this induction data, supplemented with other published genome-wide data on different protein production conditions, 28 candidate regulatory genes were selected for further studies and they were overexpressed in T. reesei. Overexpression of seven genes led to at least 1.5-fold increased production of cellulase and/or xylanase activity in the modified strains as compared to the parental strain. Deletion of gene 77513, here designated as ace3, was found to be detrimental for cellulase production and for the expression of several cellulase genes studied. This deletion also significantly reduced xylanase activity and expression of xylan-degrading enzyme genes. Furthermore, our data revealed the presence of co-regulated chromosomal regions containing carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and candidate regulatory genes. Transcriptional profiling results from glycoside hydrolase induction experiments combined with a previous study of specific protein production conditions was shown to be an effective method for finding novel candidate regulatory genes affecting the production of cellulases and hemicellulases. Recombinant strains with improved cellulase and/or xylanase production properties were constructed, and a gene essential for cellulase gene expression was found. In addition, more evidence was gained on the chromatin level regional regulation of carbohydrate-active enzyme gene expression.
204 citations