Showing papers on "Trickling filter published in 2020"
TL;DR: An overview of microbial biofilm reactors developed over the last half-century is provided, including moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), trickling filter (TF) reactor, rotating biological contactor (RBC), membrane bio Film Reactor (MBfR), passive aeration simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (PASND), for their applications in high-strength wastewater treatment of not only removing carbon, nitrogen, sulphur but also a variety of oxidized contaminants.
Abstract: Biofilm reactors retain microbial cells in the form of biofilm which is attached to free moving or fixed carrying materials, thus providing a high active biomass concentration and automatic liquid and solid separation. Nowadays, microbial biofilm reactors have been widely used in high-strength wastewater treatment where very high pollutant removal efficiency is required, which usually requires excessive space and aeration energy for conventional activated sludge-based treatment. This paper provides an overview of microbial biofilm reactors developed over the last half-century, including moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), trickling filter (TF) reactor, rotating biological contactor (RBC), membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), passive aeration simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (PASND) biofilm reactor, for their applications in high-strength wastewater treatment of not only removing carbon, nitrogen, sulphur but also a variety of oxidized contaminants including perchlorate and bromate. Despite the advance of biofilm reactor that exhibits high resistance to excessive pollutants loading, its drawbacks both from engineering and microbiological point of view are reviewed. The future prospects of biofilm reactor are also discussed in this review paper.
36 citations
TL;DR: The benefits of BRs increase product yield, provide logarithmic phase growth, reduce lag phase and fermentation time for repeated fermentations, increase biomass population, provide resistance toward toxic compounds, and improve product recovery.
Abstract: Biofilms in the environment can both detrimental and beneficial effects. On the other hand, biofilms can be useful for wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and removal of toxic pollutants. Furthermore, biofilms can be used for the productions of value-added products (VAPs) such as biofuels, polysaccharides, antibiotics, organic acids, vitamins, and enzymes. To establish biofilms in the reactors, solid support materials (SSMs) made of inorganic compounds and various agricultural by-products. For these, several types biofilm reactors (BRs) have been utilized such as stirred tank biofilm (bio)reactor (STBR), fluidized-bed biofilm (bio)reactor (FBR), fixed/packed-bed biofilm (bio)reactor (PBR), rotary disc biofilm (bio)reactor (RDR)/rotating biological contactor (RBC), membrane biofilm (bio)reactor (MBR), moving bed biofilm (bio)reactor (MBBR) and trickling filter biofilm (bio)reactor (TBR). The benefits of BRs: increase product yield, provide logarithmic phase growth, reduce lag phase and fermentation time for repeated fermentations, increase biomass population, provide resistance toward toxic compounds, and improve product recovery. This review paper will summarize the literature for biofilm formation and structure, BR types, biofilm support materials, and various VAPs-produced by using BRs.
35 citations
TL;DR: Analysis of three-dimensional fluorescence diagram indicated that the peak in excitation/emission wavelengths was the characteristic peaks of some active substances such as some enzymes in EPS, indicating that only Microbacterium could totally offset the toxicity of SDBS degradation products.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical reactor and the bioreactor/filter were designed to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system and to compare the efficiency of two reactors such as SER and TF for the treatment of textile industry effluents.
Abstract: The research study was conducted to design the ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical reactor and the bioreactor/filter to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system and to compare the efficiency of two reactors such as SER and TF for the treatment of textile industry effluents. Also the study to design Sonoelectrolytic process for wastewater treatment of textile industry containing strong color, high temperature, suspended particles and dissolved solid particles has been conducted. Effect to environment and health is caused by oxygen demand (BOD), high chemical oxygen demand (COD). The percentage removal efficiency for wastewater treatment of textile industry by using sonoelectrolytic reactor (SER) was found to be higher than 95% at temperature of 25°C and a pH value of 8.9, while for trickling filter (TF), having adsorbent as a filter medium, efficiency was found to be 95%, and optimum conditions obtained were applied for the treatment of different dye samples. Based on experimental outcomes, it is determined that treatment through SER is done faster than trickling filter because in TF the adsorbent capacity decreases with time and is a time-consuming process, but the chance of deposition on electrodes also increases in SER, so both these processes can yield better results if these problems are eliminated.
26 citations
TL;DR: Two novel polydimethylsiloxane packing media were produced and trialled in BTFs inoculated with Cladophialophora fungus, and high-throughput sequencing was used to analyse the effect of spatial position on the microbial communities in the top and bottom filler layers.
17 citations
TL;DR: Results indicate that algal-bacterial symbiotic relationship in LR was beneficial for carbon and micropollutants removal from domestic wastewater.
17 citations
TL;DR: The immobilised cells degraded naproxen (1 mg/L) faster in the presence of autochthonous microflora than in a monoculture trickling filter, suggesting the bioremediation system could potentially be used to biodegrade Naproxen in the future.
Abstract: The naproxen-degrading bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) was immobilised onto loofah sponge and introduced into lab-scale trickling filters. The trickling filters constructed for this study additionally contained stabilised microflora from a functioning wastewater treatment plant to assess the behavior of introduced immobilized biocatalyst in a fully functioning bioremediation system. The immobilised cells degraded naproxen (1 mg/L) faster in the presence of autochthonous microflora than in a monoculture trickling filter. There was also abundant colonization of the loofah sponges by the microorganisms from the system. Analysis of the influence of an acute, short-term naproxen exposure on the indigenous community revealed a significant drop in its diversity and qualitative composition. Bioaugmentation was also not neutral to the microflora. Introducing a new microorganism and increasing the removal of the pollutant caused changes in the microbial community structure and species composition. The incorporation of the immobilised B1(2015b) was successful and the introduced strain colonized the basic carrier in the trickling filter after the complete biodegradation of the naproxen. As a result, the bioremediation system could potentially be used to biodegrade naproxen in the future.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the ability of a pilot-scale hybrid system to treat real (non-synthetic) winery wastewater was evaluated using an attached growth bioreactor and a constructed wetland.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the ability of a pilot-scale hybrid system to treat real (non-synthetic) winery wastewater. The experimental treatment system consisted of two stages: An attached growth pilot-scale bioreactor (biological trickling filter with plastic support material) was initially used to remove a significant amount of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD) from winery wastewater, and then a pilot-scale, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) was examined as a post-treatment step for further d-COD removal. Results from the biofilter revealed that the recirculation rate of 1.0 L/min lead to higher d-COD removal rates than that of 0.5 L/min for all feed d-COD concentrations tested (3500, 7500, 9000 and 18,000 mg d-COD/L). Experiments in the CW were performed using feed d-COD concentrations of about 1500 mg/L (equivalent to biofilter effluent when initial filter feed d-COD concentrations are 18,000 mg/L). The wetland polishing stage managed to further remove d-COD and produced effluent concentrations below current legislation limits for safe disposal. Furthermore, the presence of zeolite in CW (one third of the length of CW) enhanced ammonium removal. The experimental results indicate that the combination of a biological trickling filter and a constructed wetland could effectively treat effluents originating from small wineries typical of the Mediterranean region.
13 citations
TL;DR: The results suggested that the physicochemical of zeolite and biochemical reactions of microorganism coupling actions may be the main nitrogen transformation pathway in ZTF, and provides a reference for further understanding the nitrogen removal mechanism ofZeolite bioreactors.
Abstract: In this study, the degradation performance of nutrients in zeolite trickling filter (ZTF) with different influent C/N ratios and aeration conditions was investigated. Microaeration was beneficial for enhancing NH4+-N removal performance. Due to the sufficient carbon source supply under a C/N ratio of 8, a high removal efficiency of NH4+-N and TN was simultaneously observed in ZTF. In addition, TN removal mainly occurred at the bottom, which might be explained by the sufficient nutrients available for bacteria to multiply in this zone. The abundant genera were Acinetobacter, Gemmobacter, Flavobacterium, and Pseudomonas, all of which are heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) bacteria. In addition, biofilm only slowed down the adsorption rate but did not significantly reduce the adsorption capacity of zeolite. Bio-zeolite had NH4+-N well adsorption capacity and bio-desorption capacity. Biological nitrogen removal performance was superior to physicochemical absorption of zeolite. The results suggested that the physicochemical of zeolite and biochemical reactions of microorganism coupling actions may be the main nitrogen transformation pathway in ZTF. Our research provides a reference for further understanding the nitrogen removal mechanism of zeolite bioreactors.
10 citations
TL;DR: Overall, this study showed that simultaneous biogas upgrading and H2S removal in a single bioreactor is possible, but that achieving high yields for both reactions requires further research in process and culture optimization.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-layer BTF filled with ceramsite and inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum to treat toluene was constructed, and the effect of liquid supply on the performance of a fungal BTF was explored.
TL;DR: It is shown that HOB are able to remove orthophosphate from water to concentrations that prevent cyanobacterial growth, and an efficient transfer of hydrogen to the HOB is essential for this strategy to be effective.
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth analysis on the mechanisms of four △P control methods, including biological, nutrient control, physical and stagnation methods, were investigated to solve clogging-related issues after the long-term operation of a fungi-based bio-trickling filter.
TL;DR: COD removal decreased when the BES was removed, demonstrating that BES improved COD removal capability, and may be used for efficient and cost-effective COD and TN removal at high loads without excess sludge removal.
TL;DR: The efficacy of biofilm based anaerobic-aerobic treatment to reduce caffeine, carbamazepine, and three estrogens, as well as E. coli (CN-13) and F+ specific coliphage (MS2), from synthetic wastewater was investigated.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the biological mode which is less expensive, efficient and environmental friendly than the combinatorial phase of wastewater treatment and propose a new treatment plant design methodology to produce least cost designs.
Abstract: Conventional wastewater treatment technologies improve the quality of wastewater discharged into the environment and restrain polluted waters from contaminating other available clean water resources. This section focuses on wastewater treatment and advancing technologies for newer designs. Treatment of wastewater follows three stages, primary, secondary, and tertiary. After wet well, wastewater is treated in a pretreatment phase for removal of debris and larger particles, followed by primary treatment involving various types of screen and settlers. The secondary treatment of wastewater includes biological treatment (in aerobic and/or anaerobic phases). The aerobic phase comprises activated sludge, trickling filters, etc. However, the practice of combinatorial (aerobic and anaerobic) phase may lead to better development and efficient removal of effluents in the future. Secondary treatment may also be categorized based on chemical and biological processes. Our focus here has been on the biological mode which is less-expensive, efficient and environmental friendly. Finally, the tertiary stage is for further removal of pathogens, toxins, nutrients, etc. A considerable amount of construction of new treatment plants and upgrading of the treatment facilities are expected in the near future. There is still many opportunities to improve treatment plant design methodology to produce least cost designs.
TL;DR: Low cost, scalable, air cathode bio-electrochemical reactor, constructed by adopting a trickling filtration approach (TrickBER) and operated in continuous mode, was found suitable in simultaneous electricity generation during continuous wastewater treatment and, in the future, could be used in small/cottage industries.
Abstract: Bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells are novel systems; those directly transform the chemical energy contained in organics of wastewater into electrical energy by the metabolic a...
TL;DR: Based on this study, simple effluent filters can support nutrient removal for small-scale and onsite fecal sludge treatment systems, supporting their application in real-world scenarios.
TL;DR: The method is simple and instantaneous, can be used in virtually all places and in every visit of the operator to the remote treatment plant, allows recording of the image in smartphones, does not use any equipment, chemicals or energy, and has been showed to represent well the effluent quality of existing treatment plants.
TL;DR: The results show that the proposed framework has an accuracy of 95% in the detection of failures in activated sludge assets, with the accuracy ranging between 55% and 81% for trickling filters, which are promising and they highlight the potential use of the technology for the inspection of wastewater treatment plants.
Abstract: Wastewater treatment plants are essential for preserving the water quality of freshwater and marine ecosystems. It is estimated that, in the UK, as much as 11 billion liters of wastewater are treated on a daily basis. Effective and efficient treatment of wastewater requires treatment plants to be maintained in good condition. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) and image processing to be used in autonomous and automated monitoring systems. However, the combined use of UASs and image processing for wastewater treatment plant inspections has not yet been tested. This paper presents a novel image processing-UAS framework for the identification of failures in trickling filters and activated sludge facilities. The results show that the proposed framework has an accuracy of 95% in the detection of failures in activated sludge assets, with the accuracy ranging between 55% and 81% for trickling filters. These results are promising and they highlight the potential use of the technology for the inspection of wastewater treatment plants.
TL;DR: In this paper, a 5m3 bio-filter was packed with a propylene carrier with a packed-bed volume of 2.3m3, and fed with biogas at a flow rate of 42.2 m3h−1 with an average inlet H2S of 3412 pmv.
Abstract: Biological process is getting more popular to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from biogas. However, many challenges are yet to be addressed to make it more economically viable and environmentally friendlier. In this study, a 5-m3 bio-filter was packed with a propylene carrier with a packed-bed volume of 2.3 m3, and fed with biogas at a flow rate of 42.2 ± 2.2 m3 h−1 with an average inlet H2S of 3412 ppmv. Oxygen from air was fed and used as the final electron acceptor. Digestate was recirculated into the bio-filter as nutrient for the microbial population, while hot water was mixed with the trickled water to maintain the inside temperature around 32°C. The average H2S removal efficiency (RE) was 97%. RE was increased with temperature and sulfide concentration, while the opposite was observed at a pH between 3.23 and 1.77. A maximum H2S elimination capacity (EC) of 95.60 g m−3 h−1 was observed. The kinetic modeling study showed that EC was fitted better with Haldane model than Michaelis–Menten model, indicating the presence of inhibition during the biological treatment of high H2S. The microbial community analysis showed the predominance of Acidithiobacillus caldus, which is an extremely acidophilic bacterium and grows at a moderate thermophilic temperature.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of the gas: liquid ratio (GLR) on carbon dioxide removal and heat loss across a forced-ventilated trickling filter (TF) used as bioreactor was investigated.
TL;DR: It was found that biosorption only effectively occurs when a WAS is paired with the wastewater from the same facility, and operating the HRBC with a long contact time or with high DO increases the amount of biosor adaptation but reduces the BMP of the float.
TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative study was conducted between the efficiency of the extended aeration plant and that of the trickling filter plant in removal of BOD and COD in the Barrakiyah WWTP in Najaf province in Iraq.
Abstract: In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in wastewater treatment because of its direct impact on the environment and public health. Over time, other forms of treatment have been developed and modified, including extended aeration. This process is included in the suspended growth system. In this paper, a comparative study was conducted between the efficiency of the extended aeration plant and that of the trickling filter plant in removal of BOD and COD. The method of comparison was done by knowing the value of the pollutant before and after the treatment and then extract the removal ratio of each pollutant within each plant. The results showed that the percentage of removal of BOD in the trickling filter was 79.5% while in extended aeration was 90.7%. The efficiency of COD removal was 60% in trickling filter and 86% in extended aeration. The study was carried out at the Barrakiyah WWTP in Najaf province in Iraq. As the plant contains these two types of treatment, and the study has been achieved through monthly examinations over a full year.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the digestibility of biological trickling filter (BTF) sludge and the effect of anaerobic digestion on sludge digestibility in terms of mass and volume reduction of the sludge.
Abstract: This study investigated digestibility of biological trickling filter (BTF) sludge (in terms of the mass and volume reduction of the sludge) and the effect of anaerobic digestion on sludge d...
TL;DR: In this paper, a soil trickling biofilter (STF) was developed to enhance nitrogen removal, and a gravel trickling filter (GTF) and a woodchip trickler filter (WTF) were also constructed and operated synchronously to demonstrate the advantage of micron-sized media.
Abstract: Trickling biofilters (TFs) allow for a simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process, and offer a favorable solution for the treatment of swine-wastewater digested liquid due to their simple operation and low cost In this study, a soil trickling biofilter (STF) was developed to enhance nitrogen removal A gravel trickling filter (GTF) and a woodchip trickling filter (WTF) were also constructed and operated synchronously to demonstrate the advantage of micron-sized media The results showed that the STF had a higher ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal capacity of 214%, 249%, and 183% in comparison to the GTF when the influent NH4+-N was 1929 mg L−1, 5002 mg L−1 and 8021 mg L−1, respectively The total nitrogen (TN) removal capacity of the STF was 1046%, 894%, and 375% higher than that of the WTF Thus, the addition of micron-sized soil to TF could increase the systemic nitrogen removal capacity
TL;DR: The existence of risk factors of wastewaters to high organic materials, phenol compound, chlorinated compound and other complex providing a discharge of receptive waters could be serious hazards as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The existence of risk factors of wastewaters to high organic materials, phenol compound, chlorinated compound and other complex providing a discharge of receptive waters could be serious hazards cr...
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of TF using biochar medium for An Cuu market wastewater treatment were effectively operated with the organic loading rate (OLR) varying from 188 to 550 gBOD5.m-2.m3.day-1.
Abstract: Pollution caused by market wastewater has occurred for many years in Vietnam. In particular, untreated wastewater from a riverside market is often directly discharged into a river, increasing loads of pollutants for the river. Every day, An Cuu market wastewater is averagely discharged about 19 cubic metres into An Cuu river. However, a wastewater treatment system has not been yet built at the market due to many reasons including the lack of investment capital. A Trickling filter (TF) consisting of a fix bed of biochar is a cost acceptable technology, effectively treating parameters like organic pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids. In this study, a model of TF using biochar medium for An Cuu market wastewater treatment were effectively operated with the organic loading rate (OLR) varying from 188 to 550 gBOD5.m3.day-1 and the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) from 532 to 1899 L.m-2.day-1. The biochar trickling filter showed high removal efficiencies: 97% BOD5, 92% COD, 97% TSS, 66% PTot and 62% NTot.
Patent•
07 Aug 2020
TL;DR: In this article, a method for removing high-load nitrogen oxide in waste gas through biological method direct acidification, and belongs to the technical field of biological method industrial waste gas purification.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for removing high-load nitrogen oxide in waste gas through biological method direct acidification, and belongs to the technical field of biological method industrial waste gas purification. According to the method, a biological denitrification trickling filter is used for removing nitric oxide in the waste gas, and a filler of the trickling filter is loaded with microbial flora for removing nitrogen oxide, and the method comprises the following steps: a) acclimatization of functional flora: introducing waste gas containing nitrogen oxide into the trickling filter, and gradually increasing the concentration of nitrogen oxide so as to realize acclimatization of microbial flora; and b) trickling filter tower operation: after domestication is completed, introducing waste gas into the trickling filter tower to remove nitrogen oxide. Compared with the prior art, the method disclosed by the invention does not need to control the oxygen content, does not need to neutralize an acidic circulating nutrient solution, can realize efficient removal of nitrogen oxide after microorganisms in the bio-trickling filter are domesticated, is a low-cost flue gas denitrification method which is novel in principle, clean, efficient and convenient to operate and maintain, and is beneficial to popularization and application.