scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Trickling filter

About: Trickling filter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1098 publications have been published within this topic receiving 20219 citations.


Papers
More filters
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of experiments were conducted on a pilot scale nitrifying trickling filter during 1995, where the ammonium concentration in the influent was raised from a low constant level to a high constant level at a constant flow through the plant, compared to model simulations.
Abstract: A number of experiments was conducted on a pilot scale nitrifying trickling filter during 1995. The experiments aimed for better knowledge of the flow-dependent fast dynamics, and the slow bacterial dynamics. The residence time distribution was investigated by a number of impulse response experiments where dissolved LiCl was added to the influent. The experiments showed that the amount of water in the trickling filter is almost independent of the flow through the plant, and corresponds to a liquid film thickness of approximately 0.5 mm. The residence time distribution can be approximated by a model with four or five identical and ideally continuously stirred tanks. Based on the results of the impulse response experiments the plant is modelled by four continuously stirred tank reactors in series, where the nitrification in each tank is described by a physically derived nonlinear expression. Data from a few step response experiments, where the ammonium concentration in the influent was raised from a low constant level to a high constant level at a constant flow through the plant, was compared to model simulations. The comparisons showed that the fast dynamics in the biofilm can be neglected in comparison to the dynamics caused by the mixing in the bulk and the residence time distribution. Implicitly, this means that the response time for the active nitrifying bacteria to changes in ammonium concentration is less than a few minutes, also when the ammonium load has been very low for a long time. An experiment, where the flow was stochastically varied around an operating point during one day, showed that the simple model derived sufficiently well describe the fast dynamics of nitrifying trickling filter also when the flow changes. When the ammonium concentration in the effluent is low, a model where the nitrification rate is assumed constant is not sufficient. The slow dynamics that depend on the growth and decay of the active nitrifying bacteria was investigated by a three months long step response experiment, where the ammonium concentration in the influent first was held at a high level (not full nitrification) for approximately one month and then at a low level (approximately 50% of the nitrifying capacity) for one month, and finally at the same high level as before for one more month. In spite of several practical problems, the experiment indicated that it takes one to two weeks for the concentration of active bacteria in the biofilm to increase to a new higher concentration after the raise in influent ammonium concentration. The corresponding increase in nitrification rate is approximately 20%. The two periods of the same high influent ammonium concentration was during periods with different water temperature. Comparisons of the nitrification rate between the two periods indicated a stronger dependency on the temperature than has earlier been observed. The standard temperature dependency of the maximum growth rate for nitrifying bacteria that are used for laboratory scale experiments may well apply also for this large scale process. During periods of the experiment the ammonium sensors were not working. Therefore the possibility to determine the influent ammonium concentration based on the flow into the plant was investigated. Both black box models and a physically based model was fitted to data. The investigation showed that with a good model of the influent flow to the plant it may be possible to predict the ammonium concentration with quite good accuracy. The trickling filter was flooded weekly for a couple of hours for predator control. An investigation of the nitrification rate before and after the floodings showed no short term effects of the flooding. When the pilot plant was taken out of operation at the end of the year the uppermost meter of the plant was investigated. It was observed that the biofilm thickness was approximately 0.5mm and no bare surfaces without biofilm could be observed.

2 citations

Patent
25 Nov 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for improving treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater and related to the technical field of water treatment is presented. But the method is not suitable for the treatment of wastewater.
Abstract: The invention discloses a method for improving treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater and relates to the technical field of water treatment. The method comprises the following steps: 1), pre-treating wastewater; 2), introducing wastewater into a circulating pipe placed in the inner space of a rotating magnetic field generation device to receive the effect of a rotating magnetic field; 3), adjusting pH of the wastewater, introducing formaldehyde, flowing to pass through a tourmaline column tank filled with tourmaline for nitrification and denitrification; 4), enabling wastewater to flow into a trickling filter for further treatment; 5), enabling wastewater to enter a second sedimentation tank for sedimentation. According to the invention, through the effect of the generated rotating magnetic field, wastewater is magnetized to a certain degree, then is subjected to enhanced nitrification and denitrification through the tourmaline column tank filled with compound nitrifying bacteria, and finally purified through the trickling filter. The process design is reasonable, a whole water treatment system is formed and by adopting the method provided by the invention, treatment efficiency of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater is improved greatly and the wastewater purification effect is improved obviously.

2 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Sep 2019-Energies
TL;DR: It is suggested that BES-TF reactors with biofilms containing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic exoelectrogenic bacteria on the anodes can function in aerobic environments.
Abstract: Bioelectrochemical system (BES)-based reactors have a limited range of use, especially in aerobic conditions, because these systems usually produce current from exoelectrogenic bacteria that are strictly anaerobic. However, some mixed cultures of bacteria in aerobic reactors can form surface biofilms that may produce anaerobic conditions suitable for exoelectrogenic bacteria to thrive. In this study, we combined a BES with an aerobic trickling filter (TF) reactor for wastewater treatment and found that the BES-TF setup could produce electricity with a coulombic efficiency of up to 15% from artificial wastewater, even under aerobic conditions. The microbial communities within biofilms formed at the anodes of BES-TF reactors were investigated using high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Efficiency of reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen content of wastewater using this system was >97%. Bacterial community analysis showed that exoelectrogenic bacteria belonging to the genera Geobacter and Desulfuromonas were dominant within the biofilm coating the anode, whereas aerobic bacteria from the family Rhodocyclaceae were abundant on the surface of the biofilm. Based on our observations, we suggest that BES-TF reactors with biofilms containing aerobic bacteria and anaerobic exoelectrogenic bacteria on the anodes can function in aerobic environments.

2 citations

30 Sep 1977
TL;DR: In this article, design guidelines for rest-area wastewater treatment systems that are capable of complying with the requirements of PL 92-500 are presented and guidance for determining wastewater flow and constituent concentration.
Abstract: Design guidelines for rest-area wastewater treatment systems that are capable of complying with the requirements of PL 92-500 are presented. Also presented is guidance for determining wastewater flow and constituent concentration. Each wastewater treatment system presented (septic tanks, lagoons, extended aeration package plants, trickling filters, rotating biological filters, land treatment systems, intermittent sand filter systems, and disinfection) includes a process description, a discussion of the performance, flexibility, reliability, and operational procedures, preliminary design formulations, and references and selected bibliography. Also included is a flow chart showing a general design proceudre for new and existing rest areas with emphasis on water supply needs and wastewater treatment systems. /FHWA/

2 citations

Patent
15 Feb 1990
TL;DR: A rotatably driven immersed trickling filter (RBC) as discussed by the authors is a clarifying apparatus with bucket-like chambers that take up air during their circuit and release it at the bottom circuit region in order to take up liquid which trickles down onto the rotating biological contactor in the upper circuit region.
Abstract: A clarifying apparatus having a rotatably driven immersed trickling filter 5 (rotating biological contactor; RBC), which is only partly immersed in a water/activated sludge mixture, which immersed trickling filter is force-aerated by bucket-like chambers 3 circulating in an elevator-like manner, which chambers take up air during their circuit and release it at the bottom circuit region in order to take up liquid which trickles down onto the rotating biological contactor in the upper circuit region. Since the circulating chambers also serve as growth surface for microorganisms, oxygen is effectively fed to these outside the liquid with a residence time adjustable as desired.

2 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Sewage treatment
47.8K papers, 677.2K citations
86% related
Denitrification
23.7K papers, 663.3K citations
84% related
Wastewater
92.5K papers, 1.2M citations
83% related
Water quality
67.1K papers, 945.1K citations
79% related
Freundlich equation
27.6K papers, 941.4K citations
75% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202318
202229
202133
202034
201932
201826