Trickling filter

About: Trickling filter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1098 publications have been published within this topic receiving 20219 citations.

Removal method for phosphorus and nitrogen in water

Abstract: PURPOSE:To remove phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen effectively by subjecting the sewage contg. a small amt. of org. materials and contg. phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen beforehand to a flocculating and separating treatment then to a biological membrane treatment thereby performing nitrification and denitrification. CONSTITUTION:Sewage such as secondarily treated water of sewage and night soil or others contg. less org. materials and contg. phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen is beforehand subjected to a flocculating and separating treatment, whereby the concn. of phosphorus is reduced. This is subjected to nitrification and denitrification of ammonia nitrogen by an aerobic biological membrane treatment; at the same time, the remaining phosphorus is also removed biologically. As said biological membrane treatment, there are a granular medium living membrane method, a rotary disc method, a trickling filter method, etc., of which a stationary bed type biological membrane treatment using granular media is advantageous because it accomplishes the biological membrane treatment and filtration simultaneously. Plastics, sand, etc. are usable as the media.

Reclaimed wastewater use alternatives and quality standards

Abstract: Reclaimed wastewater use is crucial for increasing water availability, improving water resources management, minimising environmental pollution and permitting sustainable nutrient recycling. However, wastewater also contains microbiological and chemical pollutants posing risks to human health and the environment, and these risks have to be handled. Successful use of reclaimed wastewater requires stringent standards for its treatment, disposal and distribution. This report summarises global and country-specific wastewater quality standards for different reclaimed wastewater use schemes, discusses specific standards and describes reclaimed wastewater use applications in two selected countries, Spain and Abu Dhabi Emirate. The World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater for Agriculture focus on the protection of public health. The European Commission does not directly regulate wastewater use, but discharge of treated wastewater into water bodies is regulated by Council Directive 91/271/EEC, which requires treated wastewater to have a maximum of 25 mg BOD5/L, 125 mg COD/L and 35-60 mg total solids (TS)/L. In sensitive areas, sewage treatment plant effluent must comply with a maximum of 2 mg total phosphorus/L and 15 mg total nitrogen/L. EU Council Directive 2008/105/EC also sets environmental quality standards for priority substances, i.e. pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds. In Spain, the EU directives and Royal Decree 1620/2007 regulate use of reclaimed wastewater. The Royal Decree sets quality criteria for microbial parameters, solids and turbidity for different applications. The Regulation and Standards Bureau (RSB) of Abu Dhabi Emirate sets the quality criteria for water discharging to marine and land environments and used for irrigation. These include limits for organic matter, solids, nutrient, pathogen indicators and helminths. In Spain, agriculture is the largest sector for reclaimed wastewater use, consuming approx. 350 Mm3/year. Landscape irrigation and maintenance of natural hydrological regimes are the second largest users, consuming approx. 50-60 Mm3/year of wastewater each. In contrast, only <0.5% of the water used in industry is reclaimed wastewater. In Abu Dhabi Emirate, reclaimed wastewater is not used in crop cultivation, but most of the wastewater produced is used for irrigation of public parks and roadsides (287 Mm3/year) and in forestry (130 Mm3/year). District cooling in residential areas is another application for wastewater use in Abu Dhabi Emirate. The technologies used to facilitate wastewater treatment vary. The Barcelona metropolitan wastewater treatment plant (Spain), which supplies reclaimed wastewater for use, conducts biological treatment with activated sludge, tertiary treatment with coagulation-flocculation, filtration, UV disinfection, post-disinfection and oxygen saturation. The effluent wastewater complies with the Royal Decree and EU directives. In contrast, five treatment plants in the Navarra region of Spain use secondary treatment with trickling filters or activated sludge, two having lagoons for tertiary treatment. The hygiene quality of effluent from these plants does not comply with the Royal Decree and several fail to remove persistent organic compounds and pharmaceutical residues effectively. In Abu Dhabi Emirate, the largest sewage treatment plant, Mafraq, carries out conventional activated sludge treatment, followed by sand filtration and chlorination. Its effluent complies with RSB standards, but occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in effluent wastewater has been documented in Abu Dhabi. Besides standards and regulations and appropriate treatment, other aspects which need consideration in planning reclaimed wastewater use for various applications include: cultural and socio-economic aspects, willingness of users to accept and pay for treated wastewater, online and real-time water quality monitoring, and reduced energy use and waste generation.

Technical advances in biofilm reactors : proceedings of an IAWPRC Conference held in Nice, France, 4-6 April 1989

Abstract: Section headings and selected papers: Film Attachment. Biomass retention in advanced anaerobic reactors, G Albagnac. Modified polyurethane carriers for biochemical waste water treatment, I Pascik. Wastewater treatment by attached-growth micro-organisms on a geotextile support, G Valentis & J Lesavre Rotating Biological Contactors and Submerged Carriers. Tertiary rotating biological contactors for nitrification, M Boller et al . The submerged biofilm process as a pre-treatment for polluted raw water for tap water supply, M Takasaki et al . Concepts and models for biofilm reactor performance, E Arvin & P Harremo s. Trickling Filters. Operating experience with large random packed biofilm reactors, P Orr & R Lawty. entative nitrogen removal with fixed bed processes in Malmo sewage treatment plant, B Andersson. Fixed Aerobic Granular Beds. Elimination of carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollutants by a twin-stage fixed growth process, G Carrand et al . Industrial-scale applications of fixed biomass on the Mediterranean seaboard. Design, operating results, P Gilles. Anaerobic Fixed-bed Reactors. Treatment of distillery wastewater using an anaerobic downflow stationary fixed-film reactor: performance of a large plant in operation for four years, Y Racault. Removal of sulphate and sulphite in an anaerobic trickling (ANTRIC) filter, E Sarner. Fluidized or Expanded Bed Reactors. High-rate nitrification in a biological fluidized bed, P F Cooper & S C Willi ms. Treatment of waste water at the El Aguila brewery (Madrid, Spain). Methanization in fluidized bed reactors, E Oliva et al . Subject index. New patents. 650 lit. refs. approx., 200 illus. approx.

Evaluation of the Addition of Granular Media Filtration to Wastewater Treatment Plants to Meet New Standards

Abstract: A dual media filtration study was carried out at the Central Weber Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ogden, Utah, to evaluate its feasibility as a tertiary treatment to meet new effluent quality standards. A review of the literature indicated that dual media fIlters were more efficient than conventional single media sand ftlters because of the "in depth" filtration achieved by dual media fIlters. An experimental filter was operated at four different hydraulic loading rates, ranging from 3 to 6 gpm/ft2 (122.l0 to 244.20 l/min/m2), to evaluate its effects on effluent quality. Hydraulic loading rate was shown not to affect suspended solids removal. The experimental filter produced excellent suspended solids removal; however, BODs removal efficiency was relatively poor because the influent to the filter contained high concentrations of soluble BODs and colloidal organic solids. Filter effluent quality met State of Utah standards of 10 mg/l of BODs at the hydraulic loading rate of 3 gpm/ft2 and exceeded the standard by less than 2 mg/l at loading rates of 4, 5, and 6 gpm/ft2. Filter cycle durations were very short at higher fIltration rates due to removal of influent suspended solids in the intermixed portion of the filter media. Biological growth within the filter media was a major problem in the operation of the filter. The fIlter influent was chlorinated to prevent this growth. The study indicated that dual media fIltration of trickling filter plant effluent to meet new effluent quality standards is economically feasible and can produce an effluent which meets state and federal standards.

Treatment of Hydrogen Sulfide Odor by Bio-trickling Filter

Abstract: In order to dispose of H2S odor pollution,a long-term lab-scale deodorization experiment is carried out continuously by bio-trickling filter packed with ZX01 stuffingThe results show that the removal efficiency of H2S is nearly 100% and the optimum gas retention time is 30 s when inlet concentration of H2S is 300 mg/m3Metabolism product of H2S is mainly composed of SO42-The bio-reactor is not blocked in the experiment in which the resistance is maintained at lower valueThe bio-trickling filter needs not carry out a back washing frequently,and it can be operated steadily for a long term