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Showing papers on "Triphenyl phosphate published in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the fire retardant efficiency of melamine (MA) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was studied by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the UL94 test.

72 citations


09 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC), negligible concentration (NC), and serious risk concentration (SRCeco) are derived for a number of phosphate esters that are possibly used as flame retardant.
Abstract: Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC), Negligible Concentrations (NC) and Serious Risk Concentrations (SRCeco) are derived for a number of phosphate esters that are possibly used as flame retardant. These environmental risk limits were derived for the compartments water, soil, and sediment on basis of ecotoxicological data for the aquatic environment in particular. The substances that were evaluated in this study were: TCEP (tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate), TCPP (tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate), TDCP (tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate), TBP (tri-n-butyl phosphate), TiBP (tri-iso-butyl phosphate), TEP (triethyl phosphate), TBEP (tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate), TEHP (tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate), TPP (triphenyl phosphate), and TCP (tricresyl phosphate). Monitoring data for the Netherlands (1989, 1999-2004) show that for most phosphate esters the concentrations in surface water are around the NC values. It appears that only concentrations of TPP sometimes exceed the MPC value.

68 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reported method describes the first application of SPME with element-specific detection for analysis of phosphoric acid esters, previously stored in poly(vinyl chloride) plasma bags, revealing the presence of triphenyl phosphate.

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two kinds of phosphates, triethyl phosphate (TEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), were used to form self-assembled monolayers for the inhibition of the corrosion of copper in 0.2 mol dm(-3) NaCl solution.
Abstract: Two kinds of phosphates, triethyl phosphate (TEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), were used to form self-assembled monolayers for the inhibition of the corrosion of copper in 0.2 mol dm(-3) NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied to investigate the inhibition effects. The results showed that their inhibition ability first increased with increasing immersion time in ethanolic solutions of the corresponding compounds. However, when the immersion time was increased over some critical point, the inhibition effect decreased. For the same immersion time, the inhibition effect of the TPP monolayer was more pronounced than that of the TEP monolayer. Thus, ab initio calculations were used to interpret the relationship between the inhibition effects and the structures of the compounds.

21 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a novel novolac phenol-phenyl isocyanate (NP)-based char former with good solubility was presented, where the hydroxyl functionalities of NP were blocked with phenyl isomethane (PI) via a simple urethane-forming reaction.
Abstract: In an effort to prepare a novel novolac phenol (NP) based char former with good solubility, the hydroxyl functionalities of NP were blocked with phenyl isocyanate (PI) via a simple urethane-forming reaction. The chemical structure and properties of the obtained novolac phenol–phenyl isocyanate adduct (NP–PI) were characterized with gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H-NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. Adducts of two kinds of NPs (molecular weights = 450 and 800) with PI were used as potential char formers for this study. Thus, a two-component system using NP–PI as a char former and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) as a phosphorous-based flame retardant was blended with ABS, and the thermal degradation behavior and flame retardance were examined as a function of the molar mass of NP–PI and the TPP/NP–PI ratio with thermogravimetric analysis and limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing. ABS compositions with no NP–PI were also prepared for comparison. The mixtures showed a synergistic effect between TPP and NP–PI on the flame-retardance enhancement of ABS. Those containing the higher molar mass NP–PI adduct were the most flame retardant, and a LOI value as high as 41 was obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 721–728, 2006

20 citations


Patent
03 May 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a flame-retardant composition for polyurethane foams, which consisted of: (a) a phosphate ester blend comprising triphenyl phosphate and one or more alkyl-substituted triphensyl phosphates; and (b) a polyol crosslinking agent soluble in the phosphate esters blend.
Abstract: The present invention relates to flame-retardant compositions for use in polyurethane foams, the flame-retardant composition comprising: (a) a phosphate ester blend comprising triphenyl phosphate and one or more alkyl-substituted triphenyl phosphates; and (b) a polyol crosslinking agent soluble in the phosphate ester blend. The invention also relates to flexible polyurethane foams containing these flame-retardant compositions.

8 citations



Patent
05 Jun 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the preparation process of fire retardant resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate includes the first step of the reaction between phenol and phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst and under heating to produce triphenyl phosphate ester; and second step of ester interchange reaction between triphenynyl pyrophosphate ester and resorinol in the conditions of catalysis, heating and decompression to obtain resorcanol tetrahenyl diphosphate.
Abstract: The preparation process of fire retardant resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate includes the first step of the reaction between phenol and phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst and under heating to produce triphenyl phosphate ester; and second step of ester interchange reaction between triphenyl phosphate ester and resorcinol in the conditions of catalysis, heating and decompression to obtain resorcinol tetraphenyl diphosphate. The reaction temperature is 80-260 deg.c; the catalyst for the first step is Lewis acid catalyst; and the catalyst for the second step is Lewis acid catalyst or alkali catalyst in the amount of 0.05-3 wt% of resorcinol. The acid catalyst is selected from MgCl2, ZnCl2, AlCl3 and TiCl4 and the alkali catalyst is selected from NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3 and sodium phenate. The present invention has the advantages of short reaction period, low power consumption, high product yield and less environmental pollution.

4 citations


Patent
06 Sep 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a fire retardant spray-glue with polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as its raw material and its process for preparing, which is characterized in that it consists of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, number six solvent naphtha, toluene, abietyl, rosin ester, triphenyl phosphate and polyethylenes-vineyl phosphate.
Abstract: The invention relates to a fire retardant spray-glue with polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as its raw material and its process for preparing, which is characterized in that it consists of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, number six solvent naphtha, toluene, abietyl, rosin ester, triphenyl phosphate and polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Adding abietyl, rosin ester, triphenyl phosphate into mixed solvent of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, number six solvent naphtha, toluene till completely dissolving and forming uniform and pellucid solution, at last, adding polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and stirring at the normal temperature until the polyethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is completely dissolved, then the fire retardant spray-glue of this invention is obtained. The obtained fire retardant spray-glue is of outstanding fire-retardancy and good adhesion.

2 citations


Patent
06 Sep 2006
TL;DR: In this article, a neoprene fire retardant spray-glue and its process for preparing, which is characterized in that it consists of dichloromethane, number six solvent naphtha, toluene, abietyl, terpene resin, triphenyl phosphate, chlorcosane and chloroprene rubber.
Abstract: The invention relates to a neoprene fire retardant spray-glue and its process for preparing, which is characterized in that it consists of dichloromethane, number six solvent naphtha, toluene, abietyl, terpene resin, triphenyl phosphate, chlorcosane and chloroprene rubber. Adding abietyl, terpene resin, triphenyl and phosphate chlorcosane into mixed solvent of dichloromethane, number six solvent naphtha and toluene till completely dissolving and forming uniform and pellucid solution, at last, adding chloroprene rubber and stirring at the normal temperature until the chloroprene rubber is completely dissolved, then the fire retardant spray-glue of this invention is obtained. The obtained fire retardant spray-glue is of outstanding fire-retardancy, good adhesion and product stability.

2 citations


Patent
09 Aug 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, a multifunction environment protection durable fabric flammable inhibitor composed of PE, P2O5, dimethyl ester phosphonate, triphenyl phosphate and stannous caprylate was presented.
Abstract: This invention discloses a multifunction environment protection durable fabric flammable inhibitor composed of PE, P2O5, dimethyl ester phosphonate, triphenyl phosphate and stannous caprylate. The production method includes: adding dimethyl ester phosphonate into a reactor to be heated to 50-55deg.C then adding P2O5 to be heated to 90-95deg.C to keep it for 2-4h, then cooling the reactants to 50-55degC and adding triphenyl phosphate to keep the temperature for 1-2h to be heated to 65-75deg.C and added with PE and stannous caprylate to keep the reaction temperature at 75-85deg.C for 2-5h to get the product.