Topic
Triphenyl phosphate
About: Triphenyl phosphate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 579 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6681 citations. The topic is also known as: phenyl phosphate & TPP.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the mobility, persistence, bioconcentration potential, acute and chronic toxicity, and environmental concentrations of Pydrauls 50E and 115E and their three main components.
Abstract: Two phosphate ester hydraulic fluids, Pydrauls 50E and 115E, are used principally in industrial systems. A study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency indicated that a significant portion of the annual production ofall hydraulic fluid was discharged into the environment as a result of leakage. We studied the mobility, persistence, bioconcentration potential, acute and chronic toxicity, and environmental concentrations of Pydrauls 50E and 115E and their three main components: triphenyl phosphate, nonylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, and cumylphenyl diphenyl phosphate. Physicochemical properties and use-disposal patterns were also considered. Pydrauls 50E and 115E presently do not appear to constitute an unreasonable risk to the environment; however, inadvertent leakage of these materials to the aquatic environment should be avoided. Toxicity tests indicated that the margin of safety between environmental concentrations in water and the expected biological effect concentration is at least 1 order of magnitude for coldwater fish, and about 3 orders of magnitude for warm-water species. Better control of hydraulic fluid leakage would reduce environmental contamination and increase the margin of safety.
31 citations
TL;DR: Results suggest that direct contact with flame retardant-treated textiles may be a source of exposure, and future studies will be needed to better characterize exposure, including via inhalation and dermal sorption from air.
Abstract: Concern has mounted over health effects caused by exposure to flame retardant additives used in consumer products. Significant research efforts have focused particularly on exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) used in furniture and electronic applications. However, little attention has focused on applications in textiles, particularly textiles meeting a flammability standard known as CPAI-84. In this study, we investigated flame retardant applications in camping tents that met CPAI-84 standards by analyzing 11 samples of tent fabrics for chemical flame retardant additives. Furthermore, we investigated potential exposure by collecting paired samples of tent wipes and hand wipes from 27 individuals after tent setup. Of the 11 fabric samples analyzed, 10 contained flame retardant additives, which included tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCPP), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), triphenyl phosphate, and tetrabromobisphenol-A. Flame retardant concentrations were discovered to be as high a...
30 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, four lots of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, modified with polyacrylic acid, using various plasticizers, and coated with polyaniline (PANI) were prepared.
Abstract: Four lots of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, modified with polyacrylic acid, using various plasticizers, and coated with polyaniline (PANI) were prepared. The morphology of the membranes was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy, and the membranes showed larger pore size when the plasticizers were used. The electrical conductivity of the modified membranes and coated with PANI increased by two orders of magnitude when the plasticizer triphenyl phosphate was used. The strain at break improved by an order of magnitude and the glass transition temperature (Tg) showed an average decrease of 36°C when the membranes were plasticized. Finally, these membranes were tested as ion-exchange materials of a gold-iodide complex. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
30 citations
Patent•
09 Aug 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the title polymer is obtained by using a solid catalyst component, prepared by reacting a product from the reaction of a Mg compound with a Si halide compound etc., with at least two compounds containing N, O, P or S, and with a Ti compound.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain the title polymer, which is spherical and has a large particle size, by use of a solid catalyst component, prepared by reacting a product from the reaction of a Mg compound with a Si halide compound etc., with at least two compounds containing N, O, P or S, and with a Ti compound. CONSTITUTION: A solid product obtained by the reaction of (i) an organic Mg compound ( e.g.; a Grignard compound) with (ii) a compound of formula I (wherein R is 1W8C hydrocarbon residue; X is halogen; 0≤n<4) or with a compound of formula II (wherein 0≤l<3), in a solvent at -50W150°C, is reacted with (iii) at least two compounds, containing N, O, P or S and different in bonding manner (e.g.; triphenyl phosphate) and (iv) a compound having a Ti-halogen bond (e.g.; TiCl 4 ), at -50W200°C, to obtain catalyst component (A). An α-olefin is polymerized in the presence of component (A), (B) an activator of formula III (wherein Y is halogen or H; 2
29 citations
TL;DR: The preliminary ecotoxicity of DOPO-HQ was investigated and evaluated, using aquatic, terrestrial and microorganism toxicity according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines under the framework of the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation.
29 citations