Triphenyl phosphate

About: Triphenyl phosphate is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 579 publications have been published within this topic receiving 6681 citations. The topic is also known as: phenyl phosphate & TPP.

Linking biochemical and individual-level effects of chlorpyrifos, triphenyl phosphate, and bisphenol A on sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae

Abstract: The effects of three relevant organic pollutants: chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used insecticide, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), employed as flame retardant and as plastic additive, and bisphenol A (BPA), used primarily as plastic additive, on sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae, were investigated. Experiments consisted of exposing sea urchin fertilized eggs throughout their development to the 4-arm pluteus larval stage. The antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT), the phase II detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the neurotransmitter catabolism enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were assessed in combination with responses at the individual level (larval growth). CPF was the most toxic compound with 10 and 50% effective concentrations (EC10 and EC50) values of 60 and 279 μg/l (0.17 and 0.80 μM), followed by TPHP with EC10 and EC50 values of 224 and 1213 μg/l (0.68 and 3.7 μM), and by BPA with EC10 and EC50 values of 885 and 1549 μg/l (3.9 and 6.8 μM). The toxicity of the three compounds was attributed to oxidative stress, to the modulation of the AChE response, and/or to the reduction of the detoxification efficacy. Increasing trends in CAT activity were observed for BPA and, to a lower extent, for CPF. GR activity showed a bell-shaped response in larvae exposed to CPF, whereas BPA caused an increasing trend in GR. GST also displayed a bell-shaped response to CPF exposure and a decreasing trend was observed for TPHP. An inhibition pattern in AChE activity was observed at increasing BPA concentrations. A potential role of the GST in the metabolism of CPF was proposed, but not for TPHP or BPA, and a significant increase of AChE activity associated with oxidative stress was observed in TPHP-exposed larvae. Among the biochemical responses, the GR activity was found to be a reliable biomarker of exposure for sea urchin early-life stages, providing a first sign of damage. These results show that the integration of responses at the biochemical level with fitness-related responses (e.g., growth) may help to improve knowledge about the impact of toxic substances on marine ecosystems.

Drip type flame retardant styrene-based resin composition excellent in flowability and impact strength

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a drip type flame retardant styrene-based resin composition without generating mold deposits even when a continuous molding is carried out for a long time and excellent in flowability and impact strength by containing a specific rubber-modified styrene-based resin and a specific rate of an aromatic phosphate. SOLUTION: (A) 100 pts.wt. rubber modified styrene-based resin having 250,000-100,000 weight average molecular weight and containing ≤15wt.% resin having ≤40,000 molecular weight is blended with (B) 1-50 pts.wt. aromatic phosphate of the formula [(a), (b) and (c) are each 1-3; R 1 to R 3 are each H or a 1-30C hydrocarbon] such as triphenyl phosphate and preferably (C) 1-40 pts.wt. polyphenylene ether such as poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene-ether). COPYRIGHT: (C)1997,JPO

Novel thermoplastic powder coating

Abstract: The invention relates a novel thermoplastic powder coating, especially preparation of a polrvinyl chloride powder coating through composite modification of triphenyl phosphate, phthalate bis(diethylene glycol fatty acid ester) and monobutyl maleate dibutyltin. The polrvinyl chloride powder coating contains 100 parts of polrvinyl chloride (PVC), 30-45 parts of a plasticizer, 0.2-0.5 parts of a thermal stabilizer, 5-20 parts of a nanoscale inorganic filling material, and 1-3 parts of a powder assistant. The invention adopts a parallel exhaust twin-screw extruder, a high speed mixer and a high speed grinder for preparation, and the obtained product has the advantages of high mechanical strength, flexible texture, and excellent heat resistance.

Physicochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Triphenyl Phosphate

Abstract: Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a triester of phosphoric acid and phenol. It is commonly used as a fire-retarding agent and plasticizer for nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. The present study was an attempt to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physicochemical and spectroscopic properties of TPP. The study was carried out in two groups i.e. control and treatment. The treatment group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. The control and treated samples of TPP were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. XRD study revealed the decrease in crystallite size (6.13%) of treated TPP that might be due to presence of strains and increase in atomic displacement from their ideal lattice positions as compared to control sample. DSC thermogram of treated TPP showed the increase in melting temperature (1.5%) and latent heat of fusion (66.34%) with respect to control. TGA analysis showed the loss in weight by 66.79% in control and 47.96% in treated sample. This reduction in percent weight loss suggests the increase of thermal stability in treated sample as compared to control. FT-IR and UV spectroscopic results did not show the alteration in the wavenumber and wavelength of FT-IR and UV spectra, respectively in treated TPP with respect to control. Altogether, the XRD and DSC/TGA results suggest that biofield treatment has the impact on physical and thermal properties of treated TPP.

The dependence of properties of cellulose acetate propionate on molecular weight and the level of plasticizer

Abstract: Thermal and mechanical properties were measured for solvent-cast films of cellulose acetate propionate plasticized with triphenyl phosphate. Probabilistic models for the glass transition temperature, tensile heat deflection temperature, tensile modulus, break stress, and initial tear strength as functions of weight-average molecular weight and level of plasticizer were developed. The glass transition temperature and the tensile heat deflection temperature were modeled well by functions of the level of plasticizer as the only variable, whereas models for the tensile modulus, break stress, and inital tear strength included molecular weight. Only the break stress showed a statistically significant term of interaction between molecular weight and level of plasticizer. This term was such that, for unplasticized films, increasing the molecular weight increased the break stress, whereas, for films formulated with 20 pph plasticizer, increasing the molecular weight decreased the break stress. Physical explanations for this interaction term are discussed.