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Tritoniopsis

About: Tritoniopsis is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 9 publications have been published within this topic receiving 269 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Observations in the Cape Province, South Africa, showed that Disa ferruginea (Orchidaceae) is dependent on a single butterfly species—Meneris tulbaghia (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)—for pollination, and compares favourably with a nectar-producing congener, Disa uniflora, which is also pollinated solely by M. tul baghia.
Abstract: Observations in the Cape Province, South Africa, showed that Disa ferruginea (Orchidaceae) is dependent on a single butterfly species—Meneris tulbaghia (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)—for pollination. The flowers of D. ferruginea contain no food reward and, instead, appear to secure pollinator visits by imitating flowers which are nectar sources for the butterfly. A red-flowered form of D. ferruginea appears to mimic the red nectar-producing flowers of Tritoniopsis triticea (Iridaceae) in the south-western Cape, while an orange-flowered form of D. ferruginea appears to mimic the orange nectar-producing flowers of Kniphofia uvaria (Asphodelaceae) in the Langeberg Mountains. Reflectance spectra of the orchid's flowers closely match those of its putative models. Analysis of foraging movements of the butterfly in a mixed stand of D. ferruginea and T. triticea indicated that it does not discriminate between the nectarless orchid and the nectar-producing model. Populations of D. ferruginea which are sympatric with T. triticea have relatively high levels of pollination and fruit production, compared with populations where the orchid grows alone. Although other studies have reported relatively low fecundity in deceptive orchids, pollination and fruiting success in D. ferruginea compares favourably with a nectar-producing congener, Disa uniflora, which is also pollinated solely by M. tulbaghia.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Floral morphology and observations on insect and avian visitors to species of the southern African and largely Western Cape genus Tritoniopsis indicate that short‐tubed pink flowers, ancestral in the genus, are pollinated by anthophorine bees forging for nectar, and bimodal pollination systems using two different pollinator groups occur in several species.
Abstract: Floral morphology and observations on insect and avian visitors to species of the southern African and largely Western Cape genus Tritoniopsis indicate that short‐tubed pink flowers, ancestral in the genus, are pollinated by anthophorine bees forging for nectar. Multiple shifts to more specialized pollination systems have occurred in the genus during its evolution. Four species with elongate floral tubes and a pink to red bilabiate perianth are pollinated either by sunbirds (Nectarinia) alone or by sunbirds and the satyrid butterfly Aeropetes tulbaghia. Another red‐flowered species with an actinomorphic flower is inferred to be pollinated only by Aeropetes, while two species with pale pink flowers with red markings are pollinated by long‐proboscid flies in the genus Prosoeca (Nemestrinidae). Tritoniopsis parviflora is unique in the African Iridaceae in producing floral oils as a reward to the short‐tongued bee Rediviva gigas (Melittidae), as well as conventional sugar nectar. Tritoniopsis nervosa has whit...

74 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2006-Aliso
TL;DR: The phylogeny of Crocoideae, the largest of four subfamilies currently recognized in Iridaceae, has eluded resolution until sequences of two more plastid DNA regions were added here to a previously published matrix containing sequences from four DNA plASTid regions.
Abstract: The phylogeny of Crocoideae, the largest of four subfamilies currently recognized in Iridaceae, has eluded resolution until sequences of two more plastid DNA regions were added here to a previously published matrix containing sequences from four DNA plastid regions. Sister to the core Nivenioideae, the woody Klattia, Nivenia, and Witsenia, Crocoideae are a climax group in Iridaceae, comprising some 995 species, slightly more than half of the total in the family. Synapomorphies of Crocoideae include pollen exine perforate, pollen aperture operculate, ovule campylotropous (or hypotropous), root xylem vessels with simple perforations, cormous rootstock, inflorescence a spike, and plants deciduous. The six DNA region analysis here that includes examples of 27 of the 28 genera of the subfamily shows the southern African Tritoniopsis sister to the remaining genera, which resolve into four well-supported clusters (bootstrap support >85%). Each of these major clades is treated as a tribe, the synapomorphies of which are discussed in light of the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Original embryological and seed developmental studies largely support the tribal classification. Tritoniopsideae alone has the inner floral bracts not forked apically, and a hypotropous ovule, while this tribe and Watsonieae have axillary corm development. The remaining three tribes have apical corm development, and together with Watsonieae have a campylotropous ovule, and the inner layer of the inner integument crushed at maturity.

34 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Western Cape geophyte Tritoniopsis parviflora (Iridaceae: Crocoideae) has been found to secrete floral oils as well as nectar and the provision of both oil and nectar may be a strategy for ensuring pollination in populations in areas where R. gigas is not present.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Shared, unusually high chromosome numbers, 2 n = 32 and 30, support the contention that Anapalina and Tritoniopsis constitute a single monophyletic lineage.

13 citations

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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20161
20061
20051
20021
20011
19941