Trojan

About: Trojan is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2028 publications have been published within this topic receiving 33209 citations.

Third-order stability of the long-period Trojan librations.

Abstract: Stability analysis of long period Trojan librations treated as short period oscillations about long period reference solution

De Troianis: The Trojans in the Planetary System

Abstract: Trojan objects are minor bodies having stable orbits in the L4 and L5 Lagrangian points of a planet. Mars, Jupiter, and Neptune are known to support Trojans, but Saturn and Uranus are also believed to share their orbits with similar populations of small bodies. Recent dynamical modeling suggests a genetic relationship among transneptunian objects (TNOs) and Jupiter and Neptune Trojans: All these bodies are believed to have formed at large heliocentric distances in a region rich in frozen volatiles. In this context, the analysis and the comparison of the physical properties of Trojans, Centaurs, and TNOs can help us to constrain the link among them and the scenario of the planetary formation in the outer solar system. This chapter presents an overview of current knowledge of the physical properties of Trojans. Since the Jupiter Trojans are the most well studied of the Trojan populations, discussion is centered on the analysis of the properties of this group and comparison with asteroids, comets, Centaurs, and TNOs. The physical characteristics of Jupiter Trojans share some similarities with those of the other populations of small bodies of the outer solar system, but also some notable differences. Some analogies with neutral/less-red Centaurs suggest that Jupiter Trojans are more similar to the active and post-active comets than to the non-active icy bodies. This may support a genetical link among these objects, but the complete puzzle is still far from being understood.

Numerical determination of short-period Trojan orbits in the restricted three-body problem

Abstract: Short period orbit calculations around equilateral libration points in plane restricted three-body problem

Binary Candidates in the Jovian Trojan and Hilda Populations from NEOWISE Lightcurves

Abstract: Determining the binary fraction for a population of asteroids, particularly as a function of separation between the two components, helps describe the dynamical environment at the time the binaries formed, which in turn offers constraints on the dynamical evolution of the solar system. We searched the NEOWISE archival dataset for close and contact binary Trojans and Hildas via their diagnostically large lightcurve amplitudes. We present 48 out of 554 Hilda and 34 out of 953 Trojan binary candidates in need of follow-up to confirm their large lightcurve amplitudes and subsequently constrain the binary orbit and component sizes. From these candidates, we calculate a preliminary estimate of the binary fraction without confirmation or debiasing of 14-23% for Trojans larger than ~12 km and 30-51% for Hildas larger than ~4 km. Once the binary candidates have been confirmed, it should be possible to infer the underlying, debiased binary fraction through estimation of survey biases.

Trojan Horse Attacks on Software for Electronic Signatures

Abstract: Electronic signatures are introduced by more and more countries as legally binding means for signing electronic documents with the primary hope of boosting e-commerce and e-government. Given that the underlying cryptographic methods are sufficiently strong, attacks by Trojan horse programs on electronic signatures are becoming increasingly popular. Most of the current systems either employ costly or inflexible – yet still inadequate – defence mechanisms or simply ignore the threat. A signatory has to trust the manufacturer of the software that it will work in the intended way. In the past, Trojan horse programs have shown to be of growing concern for end-user computers. Software for electronic signatures must provide protection against Trojan horses attacking the legally relevant signing process. In a survey of commercial of the shelf signature software programs we found severe vulnerabilities that can easily be exploited by an attacker. In this work we propose a secure electronic paper as a countermeasure. It is a collection of preventive and restorative methods that provides, in parallel to traditional signatures on paper, a high degree of protection of the system against untrustworthy programs. We focus our attention on Microsoft Windows NT and Windows 98, two operating systems most likely to be found on the customers' computers. The resulting system is an assembly of a small number of inexpensive building blocks that offers reliable protection against Trojan horse programs attempting to forge electronic signatures.