Showing papers on "Turbine published in 1975"

Variable stator, diffuser augmented wind turbine electrical generation system

Abstract: A wind powered electrical generating system having a suitable shaped aerodynamic duct or shroud within which a wind turbine having a fixed pitch blade is mounted, as by means of a stator means at the inlet of the duct or shroud with the stator means including mechanism for varying their effective angle of attack with regard to the approaching wind so as to provide the desired swirling approach of the wind to the turbine therebehind in achieving the desired torque and speed of shafting from the turbine to generator driven by the turbine in maintaining constant phase and frequency of the electrical output wherein the duct or shroud is mounted by a tower or shaft that will permit the cocking of the structure into the wind.

Tornado-type wind turbine

Abstract: Atmospheric wind is admitted tangentially into a vertically extending structure and directed against the interior curved surface of the structure to produce vortex flow. The structure is open ended and spaced from ground or connected to a ram-air subterranean tunnel. The vortex flow and corresponding low pressure core draws ambient and/or ram air into the bottom of the structure to drive a horizontal turbine.

FORTRAN program for predicting off-design performance of radial-inflow turbines

Abstract: The FORTRAN IV program uses a one-dimensional solution of flow conditions through the turbine along the mean streamline The program inputs needed are the design-point requirements and turbine geometry The output includes performance and velocity-diagram parameters over a range of speed and pressure ratio Computed performance is compared with the experimental data from two radial-inflow turbines and with the performance calculated by a previous computer program The flow equations, program listing, and input and output for a sample problem are given

Device for regulating turbine blade tip clearance

Abstract: A device for automatically regulating the clearance between the tips of theotor blades of a turbine, particularly of a gas turbine, and the adjacent wall of a turbine stator, comprising means for directing a gaseous flow against the said wall to regulate its temperature. This gaseous flow is obtained from a proportioner including at least two inlet passages connected to sources of gas at different temperatures and controlled by the thermal expansion of an obturator responsive to the temperature of fluid passing through the turbine, so as to reduce the temperature of the said gaseous flow as the obturator expands, in order to cool the stator in stable conditions and to heat it in transitory conditions.

Starting apparatus for gas turbine-generator mounted on electric motor driven motorcar

Abstract: A starting apparatus for a gas turbine-generator mounted on an electric motor driven motorcar includes a gas turbine and an A.C. generator with A.C. output terminals coupled directly to the turbine. A rectifier with D.C. output terminals is connected to the A.C. output terminals of the A.C. generator. A battery device is connected to the D.C. output terminals of the rectifier. An inverter has D.C. input terminals connected to the floating battery device in parallel and A.C. output terminals from which an A.C. output is derived. A control circuit is connected to the inverter for controlling the speed of the motorcar. At least one A.C. motor energized by the A.C. output of the inverter for driving the motorcar is provided. A switching device connects the A.C. output terminals of the inverter to the A.C. output terminals of the A.C. generator when the gas turbine is started and connects the A.C. output terminals to the A.C. input terminals of the A.C. motor after the gas turbine is started. A fire detecting device is connected to the switching device for detecting the self ignition of the gas turbine.

Wind driven power generator

Abstract: A turbine type power generator includes a rotor having a vertical shaft to drive a load which may be an electric generator or mechanical gear train or other device for using or transmitting power. Generally vertically extending blades are secured at their ends to the rotor shaft and are set at an angle to the relative wind to be driven thereby. The rotor is surrounded by wind controlling shield means through which the air flow passes to contact the blades in the proper direction for causing rotation. The free flow air inlet area is substantially less than the maximum projected area of the shield means normal to the relative wind so that the total wind trapped must flow through a reduced area with a consequent increase in velocity to impart more energy to the rotor blades. One form of shield means is a structure of the same general shape as the rotor surrounding the rotor on all sides and having vertically extending passages spaced around its perimeter to lead the air flow to the blades. Another form of shield means is an elongate, horizontally extending tube with the rotor mounted therein at an intermediate position. The inlet opening of the tube is larger than the throat area and the trapped wind is increased in velocity before it contacts the rotor blades.

Split fan work gas turbine engine

Abstract: One or more of the aft stages of the fan section of a gas turbine engine are rotated by the high pressure turbine of a gas generator and the remainder of the fan stages are rotated by a low pressure turbine downstream of the gas generator. This arrangement divides the fan work between the low and high pressure turbines to permit more efficient utilization of the total available turbine capacity, reduction in low pressure turbine workload, increased aft fan stage pressure ratio capability and greater flow and pressure ratio modulation potential for a split fan engine. The invention has a wide range of application for various turbofan configurations including separated and/or mixed flow turbofan engines with separated or close coupled fan sections.

One way valve pressure pump turbine generator station

Abstract: A new type of power generating plant that utilizes the motion of ocean waves to drive turbine generators in a power station; the plant including a series of underwater units each of which includes a hollow sphere that floats upon the water so that it rises and falls as waves move by, the ball being mounted on an end of a pivoting arm to which there is connected a piston slidable in a cylinder so to pump ocean water through a duct to the turbines in the power station.

Stall detector for gas turbine engine

Abstract: Stall is detected by monitoring the minimum fuel flow schedule of a gas turbine engine fuel control and another parameter which includes (1) the fuel control acceleration schedule, (2) turbine temperature (inlet or exit) or (3) engine pressure (compressor discharge or burner) and computes these signals so that when both the control fuel metering valve is at its minimum stop position (minimum fuel flow) and one of the following conditions exists, (1) turbine temperature exceeds a predetermined level, (2) the rate of change of pressure exceeds a predetermined negative rate, or (3) the fuel control is on or in proximity to the acceleration schedule, an output will be manifested.

Gas turbine engine having an improved transition duct support

Abstract: An axial flow gas turbine engine is provided with a plurality of combustion chambers distributed circumferentially about the engine axis and a plurality of transition ducts which carry propulsive gases between the burners and an annular turbine inlet at a bulkhead between the combustion and turbine sections of the engine. Support for the transition ducts at the turbine inlet is provided by an outer support ring fixedly secured to the engine bulkhead and an inner support ring which is held by a plurality of struts from the outer support ring. Flexible sealing means extend between the inner support ring and the bulkhead adjacent the turbine inlet to permit the inner ring to expand or contract radially with the transition ducts and at the same time to prevent compressed air from flowing directly into the turbine section. The outer ring and the flexible sealing means are apertured to permit a limited flow of relatively cool compressor air to enter the turbine along with the propulsive gases and thereby cool the support structure and the inlet guide vanes of the turbine.

Vane assembly for close coupling the compressor turbine and a single stage power turbine of a two-shaped gas turbine

Abstract: A vane assembly is shown for a relatively short annular transition zone directing the discharge of the working fluid from the compressor turbine to a single stage power turbine in a gas turbine engine. The annular transition zone comprises a plurality of individual arcuate segments having a pair of stationary vanes integrally molded to inner and outer shroud members. A variable vane is disposed immediately downstream of each stationary vane for guiding the working fluid into the power turbine at an optimum angle. The variable vanes are manually adjustable from outside the turbine casing through a linkage and support mechanism that maintains a constant clearance between the variable vane and the shroud members and also accommodates variations in dimensional relationships due to temperature variations. Also, provision is made for centering the axis of the variable vanes to a precise position with respect to the stationary vane to accommodate the buildup of assembly tolerances.

Coolable turbine airfoil

Abstract: An airfoil cooling system for use in a gas turbine engine having high turbine inlet temperatures is disclosed. Various construction details designed to prevent thermal deterioration are developed. The system is built around impingement, film, and convective cooling techniques which are combined to limit the temperature of the airfoil material and to reduce thermal gradients within the component.

Air cooled turbine vanes

Abstract: A turbine vane for use in a gas turbine engine having high turbine inlet temperatures is disclosed. Film cooling is provided at the leading edge of the vane airfoil by cooling air which flows through leading edge holes from a hollow cavity in the airfoil section. Film cooling air is also provided through wall holes along the suction and pressure sides of the airfoil. A U-shaped insert having a pressure leg and a suction leg is disposed within the hollow cavity to isolate the leading edge holes from the wall holes. When the cavity is pressurized, the legs are each urged against corresponding seal ribs which extend from the cavity wall to effectively isolate the leading edge holes.

Fuel system pneumatic purge apparatus and method

Abstract: A pneumatic purge system retrofittable upon existing gas turbine engines which includes an accumulator for storing pressurized gas at the maximum pressure developed by the compressor of the turbine engine. Upon actuating a solenoid fuel shutoff valve to initiate engine shutdown, stored gas from the accumulator flows into the fuel manifold to purge fuel therefrom into the combustion chamber. Timing of the pneumatic purging sustains the combustion process to burn substantially all the purged fuel.

Pressurized fuel cell power plant with air bypass

Abstract: A power plant for producing electricity uses fuel cells run on pressurized air and pressurized fuel. The air is compressed by compressor apparatus which is driven by waste energy in the form of hot pressurized gases produced in the power plant. In one embodiment the compressor apparatus includes a turbine operably connected to a compressor for driving the same. At part power, in order to maintain the pressure of the air being fed to the cells while reducing the amount of air fed to the cells, a portion of the compressed air is bypassed around the fuel cells, is increased in temperature using an auxiliary burner, and is delivered into the turbine to help drive the compressor. By doing this the mass flow of air through the cells may be reduced without reducing the mass flow of gases into the turbine thereby maintaining the speed of the compressor at part power.

Fluid current turbine with flexible collectors

Abstract: A fluid-current energy-conversion plant, especially useful for electricity generation, utilizing an axial flow turbine as the energy conversion element, has self-inflated flexible collector elements for capturing a portion of the fluid current, increasing its velocity, guiding at least some of each portion into the turbine's mouth, then returning the captured flow into the stream.

High temperature gas turbine

Abstract: A gas turbine engine is disclosed in which water is used to cool the turbine. The water is turned to steam in the hot turbine; is super-heated, and then injected into the combustor to aid in the gasification of the fuel, to reduce the flame temperature and improve emissions, as well as increasing the specific output of the engine.

Coolable blade tip shroud

Abstract: A coolable shroud surrounding the tips of the turbine blades of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The shroud comprises a plurality of arcuate segments which are supported by the turbine case concentrically about the axis of the engine in end to end relationship. Each segment is adapted to receive and distribute cooling air about the walls of the shroud which are exposed to the hot working medium gases flowing through the turbine during operation of the engine. A combination of impingement cooling and transpiration cooling techniques maximize the cooling effectiveness of the air supplied.

Particle separator for turbine engines of aircraft

Abstract: Sand and dust erosion of turbine engines by ingested particulate matter is major problem facing both airframe and engine manufacturers. Various types of particle separators are used to keep sand and dust out of the engine. In these separators the particles are diverted by swirl vanes and similar devices to keep them out of the engine. An inlet scroll separator herein permits the particles to continue their course of travel and diverts the air stream, reducing power requirements and eliminating swirl and deswirl vanes.

Disc pump or turbine

Abstract: A pump or compressor includes a center inlet for directing a fluid into the open centers of a plurality of axially spaced rotatable discs or blades by which the fluid is directed radially outwardly to an outlet which is connected by a passage means to a center inlet of a second stage pumping unit. The spacing between the discs is decreased as the fluid is compressed or pressurized and means are provided on the tips of the discs to enhance the pumping action. The device, of course, can be used in reverse as a turbine.

Pressurized fuel cell power plant

Abstract: A fuel cell power plant for producing electricity uses pressurized reactants in the cells. In one embodiment air for the fuel cells is compressed in a compressor driven by a turbine which is powered by waste energy produced in the power plant in the form of a hot pressurized gaseous medium. The power plant includes fuel conditioning apparatus comprising a steam reforming reactor and a reactor burner to provide heat for the steam reforming reactor. Effluent gases from the anode side of the cells are delivered into the reactor burner and from the reactor burner are combined with effluent gases from the cathode side of the cells. The combined gases are used to drive the turbine. Water to produce steam for the steam reforming reactor is recovered from the effluent gases from the anode side of the cells before they are delivered into the reactor burner and from the effluent gases from the cathode side of the cells.

Turbine power plant automatic control system

Abstract: A digital computer system for automatically controlling a turbine power plant without operator intervention is disclosed. The system controls the turbine from rolling off turning gear, through heat soak, wide range speed control, and the megawatt loading of the generator in accordance with the on-line condition of the turbine and/or generator. The rate of change of magawatt loading as well as the rate of speed under wide range speed control is automatically controlled toward an operator entered target. The I.P. rotor thermal characteristics are determined both in axial and radial directions. The on-line generator capability is determined in load control.

NNEP: The Navy NASA Engine Program

Abstract: A computer code capable of simulating almost any conceivable turbine engine is described. This code uses stacked component maps and multiple flowpaths to simulate variable cycle engines with variable component geometry. It is capable of design and off-design (matching) calculations and can optimize free variables such as nozzle areas to minimize specific fuel consumption.

Integral separator start-up system for a vapor generator with constant pressure furnace circuitry

Abstract: A vapor generating system for use in a power plant having a steam turbine and a condenser connected in a series flow relationship, in which a vapor generating section receives a heat exchange fluid and passes the fluid in a heat exchange relation to a source of heat to raise the temperature and pressure of the fluid to predetermined values. The vapor generating section operates at substantially constant pressure during start-up and a pressure control station is provided which includes one or more relatively small bore tubes, a first conduit having control means disposed therein, and a second conduit, through which fluid passes before it is passed to a plurality of separators in the main flow path which receives the fluid and separates same into a liquid and a vapor. The separators are connected to a vapor circuit and to a liquid circuit for passing the vapor and liquid to the turbine and heat recovery or condenser, respectively. A method of starting up a vapor generating system in a power plant.

Pressurized fuel cell power plant with steam flow through the cells

Abstract: A fuel cell power plant for producing electricity uses pressurized air and fuel in the cells. The air is compressed by compressor apparatus powered by waste energy in the form of hot pressurized gases including hot pressurized steam produced by the power plant. In one embodiment the compressor apparatus includes a turbine operably connected to a compressor, and hot pressurized gases produced by the power plant flow into the turbine thereby driving the compressor. The steam is generated by heat from the fuel cells, passes through the fuel cells adjacent the cathode electrode thereof, and is delivered into the turbine along with the other gases.

Turbomachine with removable stator vane

Abstract: An axial flow compressor or turbine includes a stator case with a plug which is removable from outside the case, together with one or more stator vanes attached to the plug, to provide access to an adjacent part of the rotor. Such access may be used to add balance weights to the rotor as part of a rotor balancing procedure, or for inspection of rotor blades.

Method and apparatus for controlling stator thermal growth

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for controlling the radial clearance between the rotor and stator elements in the turbine section of a gas turbine engine is disclosed. A cooling air valve is operatively disposed at the upstream end of the turbine section to control the admission of cooling air to the turbine in response to engine operating temperatures. In one specific embodiment the thermal growth of the case and the stator elements supported thereby is controlled by the valve. At low power conditions the case and the supported elements grow radially with the rotor in response to increasing gas path temperatures. At elevated conditions cooling air is flowable to the case to retard the thermal growth of the case and allow the rotor to grow radially toward the stator elements.

Fluid flow energy conversion systems

Abstract: Fluid flow energy conversion systems employing aerodynamic flow-separation vortex generation for focusing the kinetic energy of flow in the working area of the turbine are disclosed herein in the context of wind power plants. As a consequence of this augmentation, fluid velocity acting on the rotor is increased by a substantial amount over the free stream velocity, resulting in substantial increases in power output for a given turbine configuration. The illustrative embodiments include simple flow separation, vortex augmenting surfaces, such as those found in delta planforms which in this context generate vortices and therefore function as aerodynamic lenses; these surfaces are oriented to the wind turbine so that generated vortices are directed at the turbine blades. The latter are configured to be driven by the vortex and drive in turn electrical or other power generating devices or machines. Provisions for varying the angle of attack of the augmentor surface for control purposes are also described as are configurations employing multiple augmentor surfaces and both slender body and bluff body augmentors. Also disclosed are vortex mixing techniques for controlling the wind gradient to achieve a more optimum wind velocity distribution and magnitude relative to the wind converter.

Modular gas turbine engine assembly

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a modular gas turbine engine assembly. The assembly includes a tubular case to which are assembled a gasifier module and a power output module. The gasifier module and the power output module are each slidably sealed to respective inwardly extending, generally removable flanges within the case. The gasifier module has a first tubular housing fixedly detachably attachable with a first end thereof adjacent a first end of the case with the axis of the first housing aligned generally with the axis of the case, a compressor generally within a second end of said first housing, a combustor generally extending outwardly from said first end of said first housing and a first integral shaft extending from the compressor to adjacent the combustor. A gasifier turbine extends generally outwardly radially from the shaft and has first blades positioned to be in the path of the exhaust gases exiting the combustor to drive the first shaft and thereby drive the compressor. The power output module has a second tubular housing fixedly detachably attachable with a first end thereof adjacent a second end of the case with the axis of the second housing aligned generally with the axis of the case, a power turbine generally extending outwardly from the first end of the second housing having second blades positioned to be in the path of the exhaust gases exiting the gasifier turbine, output gear means, and a second shaft driven by said power turbine and driving said output gear means.

Ocean tide and wave energy converter

Abstract: A machine for harnessing the motion of ocean waves in order to convert the motion energy into useful electrical power; the machine consisting of a large V-shaped frame, submerged near a beach, having its apex pointed away from the beach, and the frame supporting a series of water turbines connected to an electric generator so that incoming waves toward a beach move along the outer side of the frame while turning the turbine rotors, and outgoing waves moving along the inner side of the frame so to likewise influence turning the turbine rotors.