Showing papers on "Typing published in 1972"

Escherichia coli O Antigen Typing by Means of a Mechanized Microtechnique

Abstract: A mechanized microtechnique for the serological typing of Escherichia coli cultures is described.

Serologic Typing of Human Genital T-Mycoplasmas by a Complement-Dependent Mycoplasmacidal Test

Abstract: Serologic characteristics of T-mycoplasmas were studied with use of the newly discovered, complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal reaction. Antisera were prepared against 14 strains of T-mycoplasmas that had been isolated from the genital tracts of pregnant women and from infants. Cross-reactivity of these sera with 47 strains of T-mycoplasma, including the 14 immunizing strains, showed the presence of five serogroups on the basis of shared common antigens and of 11 serotypes within these groups. The T-mycoplasmas came from a variety of sources, and all could be typed using the 14 available sera. No single type seemed to be associated with nongonococcal urethritis, pregnancy, or infancy, although there was some tendency for low-birthweight babies to be colonized by a smaller number of serotypes than was found in all pregnant women. The typing method appears to be specific and sensitive. The serologic diversity of T-mycoplasmas seems to be great, but it is likely that most strains can be classified using a relatively limited number of typing sera. A complement-dependent, mycoplasmacidal ef

Experiences in the use of commercial antisera for the capsular typing of klebsiella species.

Abstract: Following the work of Julianelle (1926), Kauffman (1949), Brooke (1951), Worful and Ferguson (1959), Edwards and Fife (1952, 1955), Edmunds (1954), and Orskov (1955) the klebsiellae are divisible into 72 capsular (K) types. Little is known inthiscountry about the epidemiology of klebsiella (Lancet, 1971). Work is currently hindered by there being no centre for capsular typing, presumably due to the difficulty of rearing 72 absorbed specific antisera. However, these sera have recently been made available com-

Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a burns hospital: evaluation of serological, bacteriophage, and pyocin typing methods.

Abstract: In a retrospective study 36 cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from patients with fatal Pseudomonas burn wound sepsis and from burned patients with nonfatal P. aeruginosa infections, were used to evaluate the consistency and reliability of serological, phage, and pyocin typing as epidemiological tools. Frequency distributions of positive reactions were analyzed by a computer in a 3-way chi-square test, and a high degree of consistency was demonstrated for each method. From these data, 75% of the cultures were differentiated by serological, 90% by phage, and 100% by pyocin typing. There was no significant difference among organisms isolated from fatal cases of burn wound sepsis and organisms from patients with nonfatal infections (χ2 = 0.3418; P = 0.9870). The combined typing system was a sensitive and reliable epidemiological tool for intraspecific differentiation of P. aeruginosa.

A collaborative investigation of phages for typing bovine staphylococci.

Abstract: Seventeen collaborators tested a total of 6 999 cultures. The results were used to assess the usefulness of each phage for typing bovine staphylococci and to classify the phages into lytic groups and the cultures into phage groups. Some marked differences in the distribution of phage patterns from country to country were found. Evidence concerning the stability of the phage patterns is presented. On the basis of the results, a set of phages that would be generally useful for typing bovine staphylococci was selected. This set was established as the international basic set of phages for typing bovine staphylococci by the International Subcommittee on the Phage Typing of Staphylococci.

Preliminary report: a system for typing Salmonella thompson.

Abstract: A system is described for the phage typing of Salmonella thompson. The system is based upon a number of bacteriophages that were isolated from sewage.

An evaluation of three methods of typing organisms of the genus Proteus.

Abstract: An assessment of three simple methods of typing Proteus strains is described. The methods chosen were biochemical typing, bacteriocine typing, and typing by means of the Dienes phenomenon. Dienes typing was deemed to be superior to biochemical typing and bacteriocine typing. A brief discussion on the relationship between the Dienes phenomenon and bacteriocine production is appended.

Apparent spontaneous induction of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical sources.

Abstract: Apparent spontaneous induction in staphylococcal strains from two clinical specimens was described. One of the two phages associated with these strains was found useful in typing otherwise untypable strains.

Lymphocyte Typing in Dogs

Abstract: Lymphocyte typing (DLA typing) will be indispensable in the future for the transplantation research in dogs. For reliable cytotoxicity testing, a nearly pure suspension of fully viable lymphocytes is

Characterization and mycobacteriophage typing of Mycobacterium xenopi.

Abstract: Mycobacterium xenopi is a Runyon Group III human pathogen whose laboratory differentiation from other Group III mycobacteria can be difficult. To develop a laboratory scheme for the differential identification of this organism and to develop a phage typing scheme for the species, 29 strains of M. xenopi from five countries were studied. Mycobacterium xenopi can best be identified and differentiated from other Group III pathogens by certain criteria including a temperature requirement of 45° C for optimal growth, typical morphologic features of colonies on corn meal agar, arysulfatase production within three days, and susceptibility to 1.0 µg of isoniazid per ml, 2.0 µg of streptomycin per ml, and 400 µg of triphenyltetrazolium chloride per ml. Rifampin susceptibility and Tween® opacity production are variable features and do not aid in laboratory identification. A bacteriophage typing scheme consisting of four phage types is proposed for this species. Some strains, predominantly of British origin, appeare...

Sex-Typing of Speech of Prepubertal Children.

Abstract: In t h i s s tu d y , u t t e r a n c e s o f p r e p u b e r t a l c h i l d r e n were examined f o r t h e p u rp o se o f l i m i t i n g and i s o l a t i n g l i n g u i s t i c f a c t o r s which may be im p o r ta n t f o r a u r a l p e r ­ c e p t io n o f s e x . The s u b j e c t s were 43 t h i r d g rad e c h i l d r e n , 21 boys and 22 g i r l s , who ran g ed i n age from e i g h t y e a r s , f o u r m onths, t o n in e y e a r s . Each o f t h e c h i l d r e n p ro ­ duced 19 ty p e s o f u t t e r a n c e s : m in im a lly s t r u c t u r e d f r e e sp e ech ; t h e s e n te n c e s ”How a re you” and ”Try t r y a g a in ” ; co n so n an t-v o w e l s y l l a b l e s c o n ta in in g th e s i x s to p conso­ n a n ts / p / , / b / , / t / , /d / , /k /> and / g / , i n c o n ju n c t io n w i th t h e vowel / a / ; th e same s e r i e s o f s to p s w i th th e d ip h th o n g / a i / ; and s u s t a i n e d p r o d u c t io n s o f t h e vowels / i / , / a / , / a / , and / u / . Tape r e c o r d in g s o f t h e u t t e r a n c e s were p r e s e n te d , i n random o r d e r , t o a p a n e l o f 16 a d u l t l i s t e n e r s who i d e n t i f i e d s p e a k e r se x a f t e r each u t t e r a n c e . E i g h t y s i x p e r c e n t o f l i s t e n e r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s o f boys and 87 p e r c e n t o f i d e n t i f i c a t i o n s o f g i r l s were c o r r e c t on m in im a l ly s t r u c t u r e d f r e e sp e e c h , p e r c e n ta g e s w hich e x a c t l y r e p l i c a t e d r e s u l t s o b ta in e d i n a p i l o t s tu d y . Sex o f th e c h i l d r e n a l s o was i d e n t i f i e d on th e two s e n te n c e s i n w hich lan g u ag e c o n te n t was h e ld c o n s t a n t . The vii

Colicine typing of Escherichia coli in pigs.

Abstract: Summary The effect of cultural conditions on the size of the zone of inhibition surrounding growth of colicine-producing organisms was examined. The size of the zone was not altered by the addition of 5 per cent. bovine blood to tryptic soy agar, but was slightly increased by raising the temperature of incubation from 37° to 40°C and substantially increased by extending incubation of producer organisms from 24 to 48 hr. A colicine typing system based on colicine production by field strains of E. coli was evolved and compared with serological typing in epidemiological investigations of E. coli on pigs. Colicine-producing isolates belonging to particular serological types generally belonged to the same colicine type. However, isolates belonging to a number of serological types frequently belonged to the same colicine type. A colicine typing system based on the sensitivity of field strains of E. coli to nine standard colicinogenic strains was too unreliable to serve as the basis for a colicine typing system.