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Typing

About: Typing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 146539 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, sequence-specific primer (SSP) combinations were used in a one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing system to determine HLA-A locus subtypes.
Abstract: We describe sequence-specific primer (SSP) combinations for use in a one-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing system to determine HLA-A locus subtypes of A9 (A23, A24), A10 (A25, A26, A43), A28 (A*6801, A*6802, A*6901) and A19 (A*2901, A*2902, A*3001, A*3002, A31, A32, A33) from genomic DNA. SSP's were designed on the basis of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in which a mismatch at the 3′ residue inhibits non-specific amplification. The SSP combinations described extend our low-resolution typing system, to provide a high-definition typing of the HLA-A locus.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: DNA‐based testing to predict blood group phenotypes has enhanced availability of antigen‐negative donor units and improved typing of transfused patients, but replacement of routine serologic typing for non‐ABO antigens with molecular typing for patients has not been reported.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Molecular typing techniques, which have proven useful in typing P. aeruginosa for epidemiological purposes, include pulsed field gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphic DNA analysis, random amplified polymorphicDNA analysis, repetitive extrapalindromic PCR analysis, and multilocus sequence typing.
Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a serious opportunistic pathogen in certain compromised hosts, such as those with cystic fibrosis, thermal burns and cancer. It also causes less severe noninvasive disease, such as otitis externa and hot tub folliculitis, in normal hosts. P. aeruginosa is phenotypically very unstable, particularly in patients with chronic infection. Phenotypic typing techniques are useful for understanding the epidemiology of acute infections, but they are limited by their discriminatory power and by their inability to group isolates that are phenotypically unrelated but genetically homologous. Molecular typing techniques, developed over the past decade, are highly discriminatory and are useful for typing strains from patients with chronic infection where the bacterial phenotype is unstable; this is particularly true in cystic fibrosis, where patients often are infected with the same strain for several decades, but the bacteria undergo phenotypic alteration. Molecular typing techniques, which have proven useful in typing P. aeruginosa for epidemiological purposes, include pulsed field gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphic DNA analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, repetitive extrapalindromic PCR analysis, and multilocus sequence typing. These methods are generally only available in specialized laboratories, but they should be used when data from phenotypic typing analysis are ambiguous or when phenotypic methods are unreliable, such as in cystic fibrosis.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is anticipated that forensic SNP analyses will be applied to typing mtDNA, Y chromosome lineage analyses, characterizing highly degraded DNA samples, assessing biogeographical ancestry, and typing for determining physical characteristics.

68 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: RAPD typing was found to be a simple, rapid, and effective method for the epidemiological investigation of this outbreak, and performance of typing by this method was simpler and less time-consuming than that of Typing by PFGE.
Abstract: A cluster of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections among patients on an intensive care unit (ICU) was detected by routine infection control surveillance. In the period from 5 January to 22 June 1995, 10 patients on the ICU and a further 6 patients (5 on one ward that had received colonized patients transferred from the ICU) were affected by MRSA strains with the same antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Seven (44%) of these 16 colonized patients developed MRSA bacteremia. MRSA isolates with the same characteristics were also found on the hands of one member of the ICU staff. The isolates were untypeable by phage typing, but 15 of 17 outbreak strains analyzed genetically had identical randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. A single strain of MRSA that was nontypeable by phage typing and that was isolated on the ICU on 1 January and six nontypeable and epidemiologically unrelated MRSA isolates all had RAPD profiles distinct from that of the outbreak strain. Implementation of strict infection control measures stopped the further spread of MRSA on the ICU, the affected general ward, and seven other wards that received MRSA carriers from the ICU. Although nontypeable by phage typing and not previously recognized as an epidemic strain, this strain of MRSA was readily transmissible and highly virulent. RAPD typing was found to be a simple, rapid, and effective method for the epidemiological investigation of this outbreak, and performance of typing by this method was simpler and less time-consuming than that of typing by PFGE. RAPD typing may have more general application for the study of S. aureus infections in hospitals.

68 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023329
2022690
2021145
2020126
2019136
2018147