Topic
Typing
About: Typing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 146539 citations.
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TL;DR: Comparative genomic fingerprinting appears to be one of the optimal methods for the detection of clusters of cases, and it could be supplemented by the sequencing of the flaA gene short variable region (flaA SVR sequence typing), with or without subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Abstract: Campylobacter spp. may be responsible for unreported outbreaks of food-borne disease. The detection of these outbreaks is made more difficult by the fact that appropriate methods for detecting clusters of Campylobacter have not been well defined. We have compared the characteristics of five molecular typing methods on Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates obtained from human and nonhuman sources during sentinel site surveillance during a 3-year period. Comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF) appears to be one of the optimal methods for the detection of clusters of cases, and it could be supplemented by the sequencing of the flaA gene short variable region (flaA SVR sequence typing), with or without subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Different methods may be optimal for uncovering different aspects of source attribution. Finally, the use of several different molecular typing or analysis methods for comparing individuals within a population reveals much more about that population than a single method. Similarly, comparing several different typing methods reveals a great deal about differences in how the methods group individuals within the population.
61 citations
TL;DR: The methods described permit simple and rapid determination of the alleles of the HLA-DR2 group and should be useful for population studies and for investigation of DR2-associated diseases.
60 citations
TL;DR: In a series of 640 strains of Klebsiella isolated from clinical specimens over a 7-month period, there were sufficient biochemical differences between strains to allow a biochemical typing system to be established.
Abstract: In a series of 640 strains of Klebsiella isolated from clinical specimens over a 7-month period, there were sufficient biochemical differences between strains to allow a biochemical typing system to be established. Biochemical tests were done in solid media inoculated with a modified Steers inocula replicator. Biotypes were designated by a numerical coding system; 29 distinct biotypes were found among the 640 strains of Klebsiella. Serotyping of 270 of the strains was done by the Quellung reaction, and 40 capsular types were identified. Numerical biotypes and serotypes of strains appeared to vary independently. When used in conjunction, the two methods subdivided the strains into many more distinct types than either used alone. With the combined method over 100 types of Klebsiella were distinguished among the 270 isolates.
60 citations
TL;DR: RAPD analysis was somewhat better than REA for differentiation of isolates of the same and different serotypes, however, not all of the serotypes were differentiated by RAPD analysis either.
Abstract: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was evaluated in comparison with restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of genomic DNA and serotyping in the typing of 160 epidemiologically unrelated group A streptococci (GAS). Amplification of genomic DNA of GAS was performed with a single primer with an arbitrarily selected nucleotide sequence of 12 nucleotides. In total, 31 RAPD patterns and 15 REA patterns were observed among the isolates studied. The results of RAPD analysis were in accordance with the results of REA for 86% of the isolates, as both methods identified 15 different strains among 138 isolates. However, RAPD analysis differentiated 16 additional strains among 22 isolates. RAPD analysis was somewhat better than REA for differentiation of isolates of the same and different serotypes. However, not all of the serotypes were differentiated by RAPD analysis either. In conclusion, RAPD analysis provides a practical alternative for genomic typing of GAS. It can be recommended for the typing of GAS, especially if used in parallel with serotyping. Images
60 citations
TL;DR: Avian, ovine and porcine isolates showed greater levels of diversity compared to cattle respiratory isolates, despite more limited geographic origins, and subpopulations from bovine non-respiratory isolates and non-bovine hosts may indicate niche association.
Abstract: Background
Pasteurella multocida causes disease in many host species throughout the world. In bovids, it contributes to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and causes haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS). Previous studies have suggested that BRD-associated P. multocida isolates are of limited diversity. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for P. multocida was used to determine whether the low levels of diversity reported are due to the limited discriminatory power of the typing method used, restricted sample selection or true niche association. Bovine respiratory isolates of P. multocida (n = 133) from the UK, the USA and France, collected between 1984 and 2008 from both healthy and clinically affected animals, were typed using MLST. Isolates of P. multocida from cases of HS, isolates from other host species and data from the MLST database were used as comparison.
60 citations