Topic
Typing
About: Typing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 146539 citations.
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TL;DR: Using these relatively simple methods it is possible to define, with certainty, allelic forms of DRB1 and DRB3 associated with the DRw52 group, and the ability to type extends far beyond the capabilities of present serology.
60 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that a unique strain caused several cross-transmitted infections during this period of time, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has been occurring before and after the establishment of the epidemic strain by selective drug use.
60 citations
TL;DR: The data refute the idea of a clonal origin for fluconazole-resistant strains among HIV-positive patients and demonstrate that at least two different molecular methods are needed for Candida albicans typing and that there is a great deal of strain variation within the species, irrespective of place of origin or antifungal resistance patterns.
Abstract: Candida albicans strain delineation by karyotyping. NotI restriction pattern analysis, hybridization with specific probe 27A, and PCR fingerprinting with the phage M13 core sequence were performed with 30 isolates from the oral cavities of 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and 8 reference strains. Within the panel of clinical isolates, 20 were geographically related, although 10 isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and 10 isolates were resistant to fluconazole. The remaining isolates used in this study were fluconazole resistant and geographically unrelated. A composite DNA type was defined for each of the strains as the combination of types obtained by the four molecular methods. By this procedure, a great diversity of DNA types was found among isolates from the oropharynges of HIV-infected individuals with oral candidiasis. This diversity was not reduced when isolates were evaluated on the basis of whether they came from the same geographical locale and whether they were fluconazole resistant. These data refute the idea of a clonal origin for fluconazole-resistant strains among HIV-positive patients. Karyotyping was the least discriminatory method, yielding 19 DNA types among the 38 strains analyzed. Conversely, hybridization with the 27A probe showed a unique DNA pattern for each of the strains examined in this study. Our results demonstrate that at least two different molecular methods are needed for Candida albicans typing and that there is a great deal of strain variation within the species, irrespective of place of origin or antifungal resistance patterns.
60 citations
TL;DR: A multiplex PCR assay was developed that provides a rapid method of species identification with simultaneous genotype differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 1 using a single reaction followed by gel electrophoresis.
Abstract: A multiplex PCR assay was developed that provides a rapid method of species identification with simultaneous genotype differentiation of Vibrio vulnificus biotype 1. This technique has been employed for the confirmation and typing of unknown isolates from both clinical and environmental sources utilizing a single reaction followed by gel electrophoresis.
60 citations
TL;DR: The reverse dot-blot method is a simple and rapid diagnostic procedure that allows screening of sample for a variety of mutations/polymorphisms in a single hybridization reaction.
Abstract: The reverse dot-blot method is a simple and rapid diagnostic procedure that allows screening of sample for a variety of mutations/polymorphisms in a single hybridization reaction. Several methods of immobilizing the oligonucleotide probes are discussed. The reverse dot-blot method has several unique properties that are valuable in a diagnostic setting: (1) the typing results from a single sample can be located on a single strip. This facilitates scanning and interpretation of the probe reactivity patterns and minimizes the potential for user error. (2) The test can utilize premade typing strips. This minimizes user labor as well as error potential and allows the use of standardized reagents. (3) Unlike dot-blot/oligonucleotide typing, only the PCR product is labeled, eliminating the potential problem of probes labeled to different specific activities. This method has already been used in the areas of forensic genetic typing (the HLA-DQ alpha Amplitype test), tissue typing for transplantation (the HLA-DR beta) test, cystic fibrosis screening, as well as in a variety of research applications.
60 citations