scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Typing

About: Typing is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 5010 publications have been published within this topic receiving 146539 citations.


Papers
More filters
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) was developed to identify meningococcus group B strains with a high likelihood of being covered by the 4CMenB vaccine, but is limited by the requirement for viable isolates from culture confirmed cases as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: BACKGROUND The Meningococcal Antigen Typing System (MATS) was developed to identify meningococcus group B strains with a high likelihood of being covered by the 4CMenB vaccine, but is limited by the requirement for viable isolates from culture-confirmed cases. We examined if antigen genotyping could complement MATS in predicting strain coverage by the 4CMenB vaccine. METHODS From a panel of 3912 MATS-typed invasive meningococcal disease isolates collected in England and Wales in 2007-2008, 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, and in 16 other countries in 2000-2015, 3481 isolates were also characterized by antigen genotyping. Individual associations between antigen genotypes and MATS coverage for each 4CMenB component were used to define a genetic MATS (gMATS). gMATS estimates were compared with England and Wales human complement serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) data and vaccine effectiveness (VE) data from England. RESULTS Overall, 81% of the strain panel had genetically predictable MATS coverage, with 92% accuracy and highly concordant results across national panels (Lin's accuracy coefficient, 0.98; root-mean-square deviation, 6%). England and Wales strain coverage estimates were 72-73% by genotyping (66-73% by MATS), underestimating hSBA values after four vaccine doses (88%) and VE after two doses (83%). The gMATS predicted strain coverage in other countries was 58-88%. CONCLUSIONS gMATS can replace MATS in predicting 4CMenB strain coverage in four out of five cases, without requiring a cultivable isolate, and is open to further improvement. Both methods underestimated VE in England. Strain coverage predictions in other countries matched or exceeded England and Wales estimates.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a relatively low heterogeneity existed among C. jejuni and C. coli strains isolated from the commercial broiler flocks in eastern Turkey.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A typing method for Clostridium difficile based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) is described, which was comparatively simple, reproducible and readily adaptable to most bacterial genera.
Abstract: A typing method for Clostridium difficile based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) is described. The technique utilizes commercially available Escherichia coli ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) as probe material. Probe labelling, hybridization and detection was performed using the Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) gene detection system. The probe labelling procedure was easy to perform, taking only 20 min. The complete typing method was comparatively simple, reproducible and readily adaptable to most bacterial genera.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview on the most common typing methods used for clinical epidemiology of S. maltophilia strains, such as PCR-based fingerprinting analyses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis, andMultilocus sequence type is provided.

46 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that serotyping is a promising method for typing strains, although limitations exist for African and South American strains as a consequence of higher peptide polymorphism.
Abstract: Serotyping is a simple typing method that consists of an immunoenzymatic assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) using synthetic polymorphic peptides derived from Toxoplasma gondii antigens. We developed a new ELISA based on GRA6 C-terminal polymorphic peptides. Serum samples from 41 human infections due to 23 archetypal (type I, II, or III) and 18 nonarchetypal strains were selected in order to validate this approach. For 20 out of the 23 archetypal infections, there was a clear correlation between microsatellite genotype and GRA6 serotyping. All infections due to nonarchetypal strains were misclassified as archetypal strain infections. The GRA6 C-terminal peptides from these strains were analyzed to explain this misclassification. A second group of 455 patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis due to unknown genotypes from different European, African, and Latin American countries were included in this study, and the strain type predicted by this method. The results suggest that serotyping is a promising method for typing strains, although limitations exist for African and South American strains as a consequence of higher peptide polymorphism. Other peptides from different markers must be studied in order to discriminate archetypal from nonarchetypal strains.

46 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Antibody
113.9K papers, 4.1M citations
81% related
Antigen
170.2K papers, 6.9M citations
80% related
Virulence
35.9K papers, 1.3M citations
80% related
Virus
136.9K papers, 5.2M citations
78% related
Plasmid
44.3K papers, 1.9M citations
77% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023329
2022690
2021145
2020126
2019136
2018147