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Ullage

About: Ullage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 501 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4704 citations. The topic is also known as: headspace.


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Patent
01 May 1996
TL;DR: In this paper, an approach for supplying air and gasoline vapor mixture from the ullage space in a gas tank above the gasoline therein through a safety cannister and a shutoff valve to two "gang" valve assemblies that divide the vapor into individual flows that are delivered directly to the intake valves of the individual cylinders of a piston-and-cylinder engine, bypassing the carburetor and the intake manifold.
Abstract: Apparatus for supplying air-and-gasoline vapor mixture from the ullage space in a gas tank above the gasoline therein through a safety cannister and a shut-off valve to two "gang" valve assemblies that divide the vapor into individual flows that are delivered directly to the intake valves of the individual cylinders of a piston-and-cylinder engine, by-passing the carburetor and the intake manifold. The gas tank is aerated through a vent pipe having on one end an air filter open to outside air and on the other end an aerator submerged in the gasoline, and the fuel-vapor mixture is directed into the intake ports of the intake valves by heat-resistant nozzle tubes.

7 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
27 Mar 2008
TL;DR: In this article, a turbo-Brayton cryocooler for the Air Force that is designed to produce approximately 1 kW of refrigeration at 95 K was presented, which is a critical requirement for an air separation system being developed to produce liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen onboard large aircraft.
Abstract: Creare has developed a turbo-Brayton cryocooler for the Air Force that is designed to produce approximately 1 kW of refrigeration at 95 K. The cryocooler is intended to provide cryogenic cooling for an air separation system being developed to produce and store liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen onboard large aircraft. The oxygen will be used for high-altitude breathing and medical evacuation operations, while the nitrogen will be used to inert the ullage space inside the fuel tanks. The cryocooler utilizes gas bearings in the turbomachines for long life without maintenance, which is a critical requirement for this application. The mass of a flight version of this cryocooler is expected to be around 270 kg, while the input power is expected to be 21 to 25 kW. This paper describes the design and testing of the technology demonstration cryocooler that was constructed to establish the feasibility of the approach. In the future, the cryocooler will be integrated and tested with a distillation column subsystem. Subsequent testing may also be performed in-flight on an Air Force transport aircraft.Creare has developed a turbo-Brayton cryocooler for the Air Force that is designed to produce approximately 1 kW of refrigeration at 95 K. The cryocooler is intended to provide cryogenic cooling for an air separation system being developed to produce and store liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen onboard large aircraft. The oxygen will be used for high-altitude breathing and medical evacuation operations, while the nitrogen will be used to inert the ullage space inside the fuel tanks. The cryocooler utilizes gas bearings in the turbomachines for long life without maintenance, which is a critical requirement for this application. The mass of a flight version of this cryocooler is expected to be around 270 kg, while the input power is expected to be 21 to 25 kW. This paper describes the design and testing of the technology demonstration cryocooler that was constructed to establish the feasibility of the approach. In the future, the cryocooler will be integrated and tested with a distillation column subsystem. ...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Nov 2017
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of commercial regional aircraft is considered as case study and CFD analysis with the commercial code STAR-CCM+ is performed in order to identify the potential capability to use fuel stored in the tanks as a heat sink for waste heat dissipated by other systems.
Abstract: This work is carried out within the FP7 European research project TOICA (Thermal Overall Integrated Conception of Aircraft, http://www.toica-fp7.eu/). One of the tasks foreseen for the TOICA project is the analysis of fuel tanks as possible heat sinks for future aircrafts. In particular, in the present paper, commercial regional aircraft is considered as case study and CFD analysis with the commercial code STAR-CCM+ is performed in order to identify the potential capability to use fuel stored in the tanks as a heat sink for waste heat dissipated by other systems. The complex physical phenomena that characterize the heat transfer inside liquid fuel, at the fuel-ullage interface and inside the ullage are outlined. Boundary conditions, including the effect of different ground and flight conditions, are implemented in the numerical simulation approach. The analysis is implemented for a portion of aluminium wing fuel tank, including the leading edge effects. Effect of liquid fuel transfer among different tank compartments and the air flow in the ullage is included. According to Fuel Tank Flammability Assessment Method (FTFAM) proposed by the Federal Aviation Administration, the results are exploited in terms of exponential time constants and fuel temperature difference to the ambient for the different cases investigated.

7 citations

Patent
27 Sep 1982
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-element bottle to receive irradiated nuclear fuel is housed within a flask for transport and both the bottle and flask contain water, and additional ullage space is provided by a closed chamber (10) at one end of the bottle, the chamber being closed by a wall (11) which can collapse or rupture when the pressure exterior thereof exceeds a predetermined value.
Abstract: A container, termed a multi-element bottle, to receive irradiated nuclear fuel is housed within a flask for transport and both the bottle and flask contain water. Ullage space within the fuel chamber in the bottle and flask allow for thermal expansion under normal conditions. Additional ullage is provided as a safety measure in accident conditions involving fire and resulting rise in temperature with consequent increase in pressure within the bottle and the flask. The additional ullage space is provided by a closed chamber (10) at one end of the bottle, the chamber (10) being closed by a wall (11) which can collapse or rupture when the pressure exterior thereof exceeds a predetermined value. The normal ullage space within the fuel chamber (7) in the bottle can be increased by providing a further chamber (20) within the bottle between the fuel chamber (7) and the closed end chamber (10) having the collapsible wall with means (25) providing communication between the fuel chamber and the further chamber.

7 citations

Patent
23 Oct 2002
TL;DR: In this paper, the inner passage of a valve element was designed to reduce the rubbing noise of refrigerant without causing any variation in the flow rate of the refrigerant due to clogging of a restriction passage with a mixing matter.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce rubbing noise of refrigerant without causing any variation in the flow rate of refrigerant due to clogging of a restriction passage with a mixing matter even in case of long term use. SOLUTION: In the inner passage of a valve element 17 opening toward a valve chamber 14 on one side and toward a valve port 15 on the other side and interconnecting the valve chamber 14 and a second inlet/outlet port 13 under closed state, a filter element (a porous member 19 having a large ullage) for capturing a mixing matter, an orifice member 22, and a porous member 23 having a small ullage for reducing the flowing noise of fluid are arranged sequentially.

7 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202112
202018
201916
201810
201713
201613