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Ullage

About: Ullage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 501 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4704 citations. The topic is also known as: headspace.


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Patent
Haskins Richard1, Joseph K-W Lam1
06 Nov 2013
TL;DR: In this article, an aircraft fuel tank system consisting of an aircraft's fuel tank and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) fuel gauge for measuring the filling level of fuel in the aircraft's aircraft fuel tanks is described.
Abstract: An aircraft fuel tank system comprising an aircraft fuel tank and a time domain reflectometry (TDR) fuel gauge for measuring a filling level of fuel in the aircraft fuel tank (1, 2). The TDR fuel gauge comprises an electromagnetic signal generator (30) and a cable (20, 22), the cable comprising a first cable part (20) and a second cable part (22) which are coupled in series to the signal generator. The first cable part extends downwardly within the fuel tank and the second cable part extends upwardly within the fuel tank. The first and second cable parts are arranged such that for at least one filling level the first cable part extends down into the fuel from an ullage space at a first location and the second cable part extends up out of the fuel into an ullage space at a second location which is spaced apart from the first location.

6 citations

Patent
09 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, an apparatus for measuring the contents of a container of a liquid is provided, where open ended probes are positioned near the bottom of and in the ullage space above tank of liquid.
Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for measuring the contents of a container of a liquid. Open ended probes (3, 4) are positioned near the bottom of and in the ullage space above tank (1) of liquid (2). The probes are provided with a small flow of gas from a gas supply (6) via constant flow devices (7, 12) and are connected to two sides of a differential pressure transducer (9) which generates an output signal representative of the hydrostatic pressure resulting from the column of liquid above the open end of probe (3). To avoid errors resulting from excess or stopped air flow through probe (3), the rate of bubbling of the gas therefrom is monitored by bubble detector (8).

6 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Jun 1991
TL;DR: In this article, an analytical and experimental evaluation of an enhanced technique for no-vent fill is presented, which involves injecting liquid through the top of the receiver vessel, thereby increasing surface area and agitation of the ullage/liquid interface.
Abstract: This paper presents an analytical and experimental evaluation of an enhanced techniques for no-vent fill. The method entails injecting liquid through the top of the receiver vessel, thereby increasing surface area and agitation of the ullage/liquid interface. Both of these factors promote condensation induced ullage collapse, and reduce compressive impedance to the incoming liquid. The enhanced process was analyzed by modifying the surface area algorithm of an existing tank thermodynamic code to model a downward-pointing, conical jet impringing on a steadily rising liquid surface. Transient pressure and temperature measurements from several tests with Freon-114 were input into the revised model to calculate condensation rate as a function of fill level. By expressing these rates in dimensionless form (i.e., in terms of Stanton number and Prandtl number), an empirical correlation similar to the submerged jet model of Brown and Sonin (1989) was derived. This provided a basis for developing an expression which relates top fill to bottom fill performance.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a passive ventilation solution was proposed to manage the hydrogen concentration within a large ullage space (0.9-3m deep) above a liquid containing a hydrogen source.

6 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
16 Jun 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a CFD model for simulating the self-pressurization of a large scale liquid hydrogen storage tank is presented, where the kinetics-based Schrage equation is used to account for the evaporative and condensing interfacial mass flows.
Abstract: This paper presents a CFD model for simulating the self-pressurization of a large scale liquid hydrogen storage tank. In this model, the kinetics-based Schrage equation is used to account for the evaporative and condensing interfacial mass flows. Laminar and turbulent approaches to modeling natural convection in the tank and heat and mass transfer at the interface are compared. The flow, temperature, and interfacial mass fluxes predicted by these two approaches, during tank self-pressurization, are compared against each other. The ullage pressure and vapor temperature evolutions are also compared against experimental data obtained from the MHTB self-pressurization experiment. A CFD model for cooling cryogenic storage tanks by spraying cold liquid in the vapor region is also presented. The Euler-Lagrange approach is utilized for tracking the spray droplets and for modeling interaction between the droplets and the continuous phase (vapor). The spray model is coupled with the VOF model by performing particle tracking in the vapor, removing particles from the vapor domain when they reach the interface, and then adding their contributions to the liquid. Only droplet-vapor heat transfer is included in the model. The flow, temperature, and interfacial mass flux predicted by the model are presented. The ullage pressure is compared against experimental data obtained from the MHTB spray bar mixing experiment.

6 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202112
202018
201916
201810
201713
201613