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Ullage

About: Ullage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 501 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4704 citations. The topic is also known as: headspace.


Papers
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01 Feb 1971
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of sloshing fuel within an aircraft fuel tank upon the effectiveness of nitrogen inerting was evaluated in a closed combustion chamber partially filled with JP-8 fuel.
Abstract: : Tests were conducted to determine the influence of sloshing fuel within an aircraft fuel tank upon the effectiveness of nitrogen inerting. These tests were performed in a closed combustion chamber partially filled with JP-8 fuel. The fuel was severely agitated by a rocking motion of the chamber. The flammability of the tank ullage at various concentrations of air, nitrogen, and fuel vapor was tested by exposure to an electric arc. The sloshing fuel did not alter the maximum concentration of oxygen that could be allowed for inerting of all fuel vapor concentrations. For JP-8 fuel vapor exposed to an electric arc this maximum allowable oxygen concentration was found to be 12% by volume. Slosh did extend the flammable region for oxygen concentrations greater than the maximum allowable for inerting. These conclusions, it is believed, are valid for any mode or level of fuel agitation that may be experienced by aircraft fuel tanks.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the results of experiment and analysis of a pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) method which is a gauging method for low gravity environment.

6 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
02 Aug 2009
TL;DR: The transient behavior of a monopropellant thruster was investigated in this paper, where MnO2/Al2O3 was used as the catalyst bed in order to eliminate the influence of the catalyst body on the transient behavior.
Abstract: The transient behavior of a monopropellant thruster was investigated. Throughout the study, MnO2/Al2O3 was used as the catalyst bed in order to eliminate the influence of the catalyst bed on the transient behavior. Three 50 Newton level test thrusters with different injectors, ullage volumes, and bed sizes were built. H2O2 (90 wt%) was used as the monopropellant in the thrusters and experiments were carried out using these thrusters. The transient characteristics of the thrusters—the ignition delay and the time taken for pressure rise and pressure decay—were determined. Among the injectors considered, the transient characteristics of the shower-head injector are better than those of the spray injector The shower-head injector showed the best performance when a catalyst bed with a small volume was used: the ignition delay was 14 ms; the pressure rise, 108 ms, and the pressure decay, 94 ms.

5 citations

Patent
24 Sep 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a static electric charge removal of dispersal coating for ullage tapes having an outer polymeric surface is described, which can be applied to polymeric items such as fluorocarbon wire, tape, or other forms which are passed in close proximity to a fuel rich acetylene flame.
Abstract: A static electric charge removal of dispersal coating for ullage tapes having an outer polymeric surface. The coating is formed of carbon black and is applied to the polymeric surface of the ullage tape to disperse therefrom any static electric charge which may be generated thereon when used for measurement purposes in large tanks which can build up a high static charge therein. The carbon black coating is preferably acetylene black formed on the tape and simultaneously anchored thereto by passing the tape near a fuel rich acetylene flame. Any excess coating which is not anchored to the tape can be removed by wiping or other similar operation. The method of this invention can be used to apply an acetylene black coating to polymeric items such as fluorocarbon wire, tape, or other forms which can be passed in close proximity to a fuel rich acetylene flame.

5 citations

Patent
18 Jul 2001
TL;DR: In this article, a gastight bag is used to hold a stabilizing gas mixture of CO 2 and air that is not absorbed in the fuel, which is connected into the ullage of a fuel tank via a conduit.
Abstract: A fuel additive controlling and maintaining apparatus used to eliminate the loss of absorbed CO 2 gas mixed into liquid hydrocarbon fuel and particularly diesel fuel. In addition to the gas-enriched fuel, a gastight bag is utilized for holding a stabilizing gas mixture of CO 2 and air that is not absorbed in the fuel. This bag, which is located within a protective enclosure and is connected into the ullage of a fuel tank, via a conduit, has approximately the same volume as the fuel tank. A two product refueling means is provided so that gas-enriched fuel is delivered to the fuel tank and the CO 2 gas is delivered to the gastight bag. During fuel usage, as the fuel tank ullage increases, the gas mixture from the gastight bag maintains the ullage in a substantially filled condition thus, allowing the fuel to remain gas-enriched.

5 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202112
202018
201916
201810
201713
201613