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Ullage

About: Ullage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 501 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4704 citations. The topic is also known as: headspace.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed to simulate the successive varied-gravity operations for a liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank, and pressure evolution, physical field distributions and phase change amounts are obtained and analyzed.

5 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a fiber-coupled liquid volume sensor designed for flight on a sounding rocket platform is presented, which is capable of measuring the amount of liquid contained in a tank under any gravitational conditions, including a microgravity environment, by detecting small changes in the index of refraction of the gas contained within a sensing region.
Abstract: A compact and rugged fiber-coupled liquid volume sensor designed fo r flight on a sounding rocket platform is presented. The sensor consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer capable of measuring the amount of liquid contained in a tank under any gravitational conditions, including a microgravity environment, by detecting small changes in the index of refraction of the gas contained within a sensing region. By monitoring changes in the interference fringe pattern as the system undergoes a small compression provided by a piston, the ullage volume of a tank can be directly measured allowing for a determination of the liquid volume. To demonstrate the technique, data are acquired using two tanks containing different volumes of liquid, which are representative of the levels of liquid in a tank at different time p eriods during a mission. The two tanks are independently exposed to the measurement apparatus, allowing for a determination of the liquid level in each. In a controlled, laboratory test of the unit, the system demonstrated a capability of measuring a liquid level in an individual tank of 10.53 mL with a 2% error. The overall random uncertainty for the flight system is higher than that one test, at ±1.5 mL.

5 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed specifically for the analysis of flow in a cryogenic fuel tank, which employs the full set of Navier-Stokes equations, except that viscous dissipation is neglected in the energy equation.
Abstract: One of the technological challenges in designing advanced hypersonic aircraft and the next generation of spacecraft is developing reusable flight-weight cryogenic fuel tanks. As an aid in the design and analysis of these cryogenic tanks, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been developed specifically for the analysis of flow in a cryogenic fuel tank. This model employs the full set of Navier-Stokes equations, except that viscous dissipation is neglected in the energy equation. An explicit finite difference technique in two-dimensional generalized coordinates, approximated to second-order accuracy in both space and time is used. The stiffness resulting from the low Mach number is resolved by using artificial compressibility. The model simulates the transient, two-dimensional draining of a fuel tank cross section. To calculate the slosh wave dynamics the interface between the ullage gas and liquid fuel is modeled as a free surface. Then, experimental data for free convection inside a horizontal cylinder are compared with model results. Finally, cryogenic tank draining calculations are performed with three different wall heat fluxes to demonstrate the effect of wall heat flux on the internal tank flow field.

5 citations

Patent
Jr. John P. Jones1
21 Dec 1981
TL;DR: An ullage gauge for directly and accurately measuring the ULLage of a cargo tank of a vessel such as an oil tanker without the necessity of opening the hatch is described in this paper.
Abstract: An ullage gauge for directly and accurately measuring the ullage of a cargo tank of a vessel such as an oil tanker without the necessity of opening the hatch. The gauge is comprised of a calibrated ullage tape which is supplied from a winder reel positioned within a sealed chamber atop the deck of the tanker and communicating with the cargo tank, the winder reel being rotated by a winder reel handle placed exterior of said sealed chamber. The sealed chamber includes a view window which allows direct observation of the calibrated surface of the ullage tape as well as direct observation of the rising cargo within the cargo tank. A float attached to the ullage tape is of sufficient size and weight that once contact of the float with the surface of the cargo is made, such contact is felt by the operator through the winder reel handle.

5 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202112
202018
201916
201810
201713
201613