Ullage

About: Ullage is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 501 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4704 citations. The topic is also known as: headspace.

Vulnerability Assessment of JP-4 and JP-8 under Vertical Gunfire Impact Conditions

Abstract: : This report presents results of tests conducted to determine effects of a fifty-caliber incendiary projectile penetrating vertically from the bottom into a partially-filled fuel tank. Fuel types investigated in this program are JP-4 (high volatility fuel) and JP-8 (low volatility fuel). This test program was carried out in two phases: (1) 'nonequilibrium' tests conducted with a cylindrical tank to determine effects of fuel temperature, initial ullage pressure, tank volume, fuel depth, venting, etc. and (2) equilibrium tests conducted with various rectangular tank configurations to determine effects of initial fuel-air mass ratio of the ullage fuel-air mixtures on ignition and reaction overpressures.

Fueling system with wireless data transfer

Abstract: The present invention provides pre-transaction estimates of the amount of fuel required to fill a vehicle's tank along with the estimated total cost of filling the vehicle's tank The invention includes a vehicle-mounted transponder operatively associated with a vehicle control system or, at a minimum, the vehicle's fuel tank in a manner wherein the transponder is able to receive or determine information relating to fuel tank ullage The ullage information may include the amount of fuel required to fill the tank, tank size and/or the quantity of fuel remaining in the tank An interrogator at the fuel dispenser will interrogate the transponder and receive the available ullage information from the vehicle An associated control system will evaluate the ullage information to determine the amount of fuel required to fill the vehicle and, optionally, calculate the total cost to be incurred if the vehicle is filled The control system may be associated with a fuel grade selector adapted to provide the control system with information to determine the type and cost of the fuel to be used to fill the vehicle Optionally, the transponder may include information indicative of the desired grade of fuel

Prediction of sloshing loads in LNG ships

Abstract: To improve LNG-sloshing prediction methodology, researchers studied high-fill-ratio sloshing phenomena via computer models and developed the MDC 2D slosh code, which accounts for large-amplitude sloshing, interaction with tank ceiling and chamfers, and liquid compressibility. Application of the MDC code showed that computer programs based on the marker-and-cell technique can serve as practical design and research tools. The analytical results demonstrated that (1) for realistic random ship motions, increasing the chamfer size is beneficial and (2) under pure vacuum ullage conditions, the inability to properly scale liquid compressibility in model tests requires the use of compressible pressure scaling laws. The good correlation between liquid surface motion and code predictions verified the accuracy of both the code and Froude scaling for liquid motions.

Fire control system

Abstract: A system for filling the ullage of an aircraft fuel tank using inert gases produced by an aircraft engine exhaust comprises a means for regeneration of desiccation chambers and condensers. To produce an inert gas mixture of suitable temperature and moisture content the exhaust gases are passed through heat exchangers 22 and 26, water is removed by a desiccation chamber 51 or 53 and condenser 52 or 54, and the inert gas is passed to reservoir tank 32 before transfer to the ullage of the fuel tank 14. A second line 55 is connected to the engine, and pairs of condenser and desiccant chambers are used so that hot gases may be used to regenerate one set of chambers whilst inert gas conditioning continues in the other set.