Showing papers on "Ultraviolet light published in 1991"
TL;DR: The direct activation of keratinocytes, with their ability to produce the complete repertoire of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can profoundly influence endogenous and recruited immunocompetent cells, thereby providing the critical trigger responsible for the swift and clinically dramatic alterations that occur following contact between the epidermis and a host of "noxious" agents.
708 citations
TL;DR: It is reported that some rodents have a retinal mechanism that is maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light, which was thought not to exist in the eyes of mammals.
Abstract: HIGH sensitivity to near-ultraviolet light is a fundamental feature of vision in many invertebrates1,2 Among vertebrates there are some amphibians, birds and fishes that are also sensitive to near-ultraviolet wavelengths3–6 This sensitivity can be achieved through a class of cone photoreceptor containing an ultraviolet-sensitive pigment7–9 Although these receptors were thought not to exist in the eyes of mammals, we now report that some rodents have a retinal mechanism that is maximally sensitive to ultraviolet light
403 citations
TL;DR: In this article, light-emitting porous silicon (LEPOS) is described, which is made from n-type silicon by anodization in an electrolytic cell by HF with an applied electrical current.
Abstract: Experiments with light-emitting porous silicon (LEPOS) are described. The porous silicon was made from n-type silicon by anodization in an electrolytic cell by HF with an applied electrical current. Visible light emission was achieved by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Visible electroluminescence (EL) was achieved by applying a DC or AC voltage to a solid-state contact on top of the porous layer. Optical spectra from both experiments are shown. >
313 citations
TL;DR: The efficient formation of both types of damage in the shorter UV region, as well as at 260 nm, which had been believed to be the most efficient wavelength for the formation of UV lesions, is detected.
Abstract: We investigated the wavelength dependence of cyclobutane thymine dimer and (6-4)photoproduct induction by monochromatic UV in the region extending from 150 to 365 nm, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with two monoclonal antibodies. Calf thymus DNA solution was irradiated with 254-365 nm monochromatic UV from a spectrograph, or with 220-300 nm monochromatic UV from synchrotron radiation. Thymine dimers and (6-4)photoproducts were fluence-dependently induced by every UV below 220 nm extending to 150 nm under dry condition. We detected the efficient formation of both types of damage in the shorter UV region, as well as at 260 nm, which had been believed to be the most efficient wavelength for the formation of UV lesions. The action spectra for the induction of thymine dimers and (6-4)photoproducts were similar from 180 to 300 nm, whereas the action spectrum values for thymine dimer induction were about 9- and 1.4-fold or more higher than the values for (6-4)photoproduct induction below 160 nm and above 313 nm, respectively.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a capacitor fabrication technique is developed to obtain an extremely thin Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film with an effective SiO/ sub 2/ film thickness of 2.8 nm (equivalent to 12 fF/ mu m/sup 2/) for use in low power 64-Mb DRAM.
Abstract: A capacitor fabrication technique is developed to obtain an extremely thin Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film with an effective SiO/sub 2/ film thickness of 2.8 nm (equivalent to 12 fF/ mu m/sup 2/) for use in a low-power 64-Mb DRAM. A two-step annealing process is used after deposition of the Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The first step is ozone (O/sub 3/) annealing with ultraviolet light irradiation, which is the most effective means of reducing leakage current. A model for explaining the effectiveness of the UV-O/sub 3/ annealing treatment is proposed. Excited oxygen atoms in the singlet state (/sup 1/D), which are generated selectively in the ozone gas irradiated by a mercury lamp, repair the oxygen vacancies existing in the as-deposited CVD-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ film, resulting in a marked reduction of the film's leakage current. The second step is dry-O/sub 2/ annealing, which reduces the defect density of initial breakdown. Sufficient capacitance can be obtained while maintaining a low leakage current and sufficient step coverage for a 1.5-V supply-voltage 64-Mb DRAM having a high-aspect three-dimensional memory cell. >
209 citations
TL;DR: Single-stranded, M13-based vectors that contain a specifically located thymine-thymine pyrimidine-pyrimidone(6-4) UV photoproduct are constructed and the frequency and accuracy of DNA replication past this adduct in uvrA6 cells of Escherichia coli are estimated.
Abstract: We have constructed single-stranded, M13-based vectors that contain a specifically located thymine-thymine pyrimidine-pyrimidone(6-4) UV photoproduct and have used these to estimate the frequency and accuracy of DNA replication past this adduct in uvrA6 cells of Escherichia coli. Both the normal and the Dewar valence photoisomer of the (6-4) adduct were studied. In the absence of SOS induction, vectors carrying the photoproducts were rarely replicated; relative to the lesion-free control, 1.9% of vectors carrying the normal (6-4) isomer produced plaques, and with the Dewar valence isomer the proportion was 0.4%. In SOS-induced cells, these frequencies rose to 22.1% and 12.3%, respectively. The error frequency of replication past the normal isomer in SOS-induced cells was high; in a random sample of 185 progeny phage analyzed, 169 (91%) contained mutations, all of which were targeted. Equally striking, a high proportion of the mutations (158/169; 93%) were of only one type, namely 3' T----C transitions. Both the error frequency and the specificity were much reduced with the Dewar valence isomer; overall, 74/140 (53%) of the phage analyzed were mutant, and of these only 34 (46%) entailed the 3' T----C transition. We speculate that the high error frequency and specificity arise from the formation of a stable T-G base pair, involving hydrogen bonds at O-2 and N-3 in the pyrimidone ring. Potential hydrogen bonds at these sites are coplanar in the normal but not in the Dewar isomer, perhaps explaining the reduced specificity of mutagenesis with the latter adduct.
200 citations
TL;DR: Of special importance, because it is associated with CD4 counts of less than 250 to 300 cells per cubic millimeter, eosinophilic folliculitis appears to be an important clinical marker of HIV infection and, particularly, of patients at increased risk of developing opportunistic infections.
Abstract: We studied 13 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a chronic pruritic folliculitis that was unresponsive to systemic treatment with bactericidal anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. The skin eruption was characterized by multiple urticarial follicular papules scattered on the trunk (100%), the head and neck (85%), and the proximal aspect of the extremities (62%). Absolute peripheral eosinophil counts were increased in six of 13 patients; a relative peripheral eosinophilia was present in 10 of 13 patients. Serum IgE levels were elevated in all seven patients tested (range, 88 to 9050 IU). Histopathologic features included a folliculitis with eosinophils. Pathogenic bacteria were not consistently found by routine bacterial skin cultures, cultures of skin biopsy specimens, or histopathologic evaluation. CD4 counts were decreased in all of the 12 patients tested (less than 300 cells per cubic millimeter) and were below 250 cells per cubic millimeter in 10 patients. A clinical response was noted to astemizole, to ultraviolet light in the B range, and to topical clobetasol propionate. These observations demonstrate that HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis is a unique HIV-related cutaneous disorder that is characterized by a culture-negative, chronic, pruritic folliculitis and a characteristic histopathologic picture. Of special importance, because it is associated with CD4 counts of less than 250 to 300 cells per cubic millimeter, eosinophilic folliculitis appears to be an important clinical marker of HIV infection and, particularly, of patients at increased risk of developing opportunistic infections. We suggest that the term eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (Ofuji's disease), previously used to describe this dermatosis in HIV-infected patients, should be discarded.
191 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate that increased IL-6 production by EC after UVB irradiation may mediate local and systemic inflammatory reactions following extensive sun exposure, and the therapeutic effect of corticosteroids observed in various inflammatory diseases may be partly due to their downregulating capacity of IL- 6 production.
183 citations
TL;DR: The sensitivity, simplicity and reproducibility of this method make it an ideal tool for the diagnosis of infectious and genetic diseases, as well as analysis of mutations in neoplasias, HLA typing and other areas.
Abstract: A convenient format for the detection of PCR amplified sequences is the hybridization of the PCR products to oligonucleotide probes which are immobilized on a solid phase. We describe a new method for site-specific attachment of such probe oligonucleotides to nylon membranes. The method is based on the formation of an amide bond between carboxyl groups present on the membranes and amino-linkers situated on the 5' end of the oligonucleotides. The covalent attachment is via a carbodiimide mediated condensation. The single, 5' end attachment of the oligonucleotides to the membrane surface leaves the probe free to interact with complementary sequences, thus increasing the hybridization efficiency relative to methods where heat or ultraviolet light is used for non-specific fixation. Using biotinylated PCR products in hybridization reactions along with a non-radioactive chemiluminescent detection system, high efficiency hybridization is obtained as well as a very good signal to noise ratio. The method has been applied successfully to the detection of RAS point mutations, cystic fibrosis deletion and point mutations and others. The sensitivity, simplicity and reproducibility of this method make it an ideal tool for the diagnosis of infectious and genetic diseases, as well as analysis of mutations in neoplasias, HLA typing and other areas.
168 citations
TL;DR: Four subgroups of patients with generalized pustular psoriasis were classified on the basis of onset and morphologic pattern of disease: acute (von Zumbusch), subacute annular, chronic (acral), and mixed to provide a better understanding of the variability of the disease.
Abstract: • Background.— Sixty-three patients with generalized pustular psoriasis were hospitalized during a 29-year period. They were classified into four subgroups on the basis of onset and morphologic pattern of disease: acute (von Zumbusch), subacute annular, chronic (acral), and mixed. This division provides a better understanding of the variability of the disease and helps in choosing treatment. Observations.— The average age at onset was 50 years; male and female patients were affected about equally. In 11 patients, flares were precipitated by localized infections. Approximately one fourth of the patients had complications; most were superinfections. The average stay in the hospital was 30 days; factors correlating with a long hospitalization were hypocalcemia, female sex, and a previous history of psoriasis vulgaris or pustular psoriasis. Conclusions.— Whereas topical therapy was helpful, systemic medications were often needed. Coal tar, ultraviolet light, and psoralen—ultraviolet A may be effective; however, they must be used with caution, because they may exacerbate the disease. (Arch Dermatol.1991;127:1339-1345)
155 citations
TL;DR: Sunlight exposure is reported by some patients to precede onset of recurrent herpes labialis as discussed by the authors, which is known to be a stimulus for the reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.
Patent•
11 Sep 1991
TL;DR: Disclosed as mentioned in this paper is a self-service water dispensing apparatus especially adapted to be located inside a grocery store, which includes a housing which provides a rigid support structure having a base section which has integral therewith a water storage tank, and an upper section immediately above the base section including a plurality of water filling stations, and a float detects when the level of purified water in the storage tank is low, causing water from a public supply source to be fed through the reverse osmosis unit.
Abstract: Disclosed is a self service water dispensing apparatus especially adapted to be located inside a grocery store. This apparatus includes a housing which provides a rigid support structure having a base section which has integral therewith a water storage tank, and an upper section immediately above the base section which includes a plurality of water filling stations. The upper section and base section are joined together and are contiguous with each other along a common generally horizontal plane located about waist high to a typical adult user. This provides a compact and convenient to use structure. The water filling stations each comprise a recessed cubicle having a top wall with a delivery spout therein, an open front side into which a water bottle is placed beneath the spout for filling, and a floor including a drain. Manually operable control switches are at each vending station. When one of these switches is actuated a pump is energized to pump water from the storage tank to the spout in the filling station associated with the manually operable control switch actuated. A reverse osmosis water purifying unit purifies water from a public supply source and delivers the purified water to the storage tank. A float detects when the level of purified water in the storage tank is low, causing water from a public supply source to be fed through the reverse osmosis unit. An ozone generator or ultraviolet light is included to kill bacteria.
TL;DR: A cytosolic protein that binds specifically to Epo RNA was identified in the Epo-producing, hepatoblastoma Hep 3B cell line by gel mobility shift assay and binding activity was markedly increased in brain and spleen lysates from mice subjected to 24 h of hypoxia, suggesting the post-transcriptional regulation of Epo expression in response to hypoxIA may in part be due to the interaction of EpO RNA with its specific binding protein.
Patent•
20 Nov 1991TL;DR: In this article, a method of modifying surfaces of polymeric objects which comprises immersing the polymeric object in an aqueous dispersion of a polymerizable surfactant, a cross-linking agent, and a free radical initiator and exposing the immersant to ultraviolet light to form a permanent, cross-linked surface coating on the object was presented.
Abstract: A method of modifying surfaces of polymeric objects which comprises immersing the polymeric object in an aqueous dispersion of a polymerizable surfactant, a cross-linking agent, and a free radical initiator and exposing the immersant to ultraviolet light to form a permanent, cross-linked surface coating on the object. Also disclosed are coated objects prepared by this method, which is particularly suited for coating contact lenses.
TL;DR: It was shown that the generation of the lipid radicals partially involves superoxide anion radicals, in addition to hydroxyl radicals, during lipid peroxidation induced by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation.
TL;DR: It is concluded that differences in personal behaviour (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, exposure to ultraviolet light, type of diet, and family size) are the principal factors responsible for the urban excess of cancer.
Abstract: The incidence of cancer, or the mortality attributed to it, has been compared in urban and rural residents in 13 populations. In each case, the incidence (or mortality) has been higher in the urban areas in each sex, the ratios varying from a minimum of 1.03 to 1 in men in Japan to 1.63 to 1 in men in Denmark. Examination of 26 separate types of cancer showed that 23 tended to be more common in towns, 1 (myeloma) to be evenly distributed, and 2 (cancers of the lip and eye) to be more common in the countryside. The urban excess was greatest for cancers of the bladder, larynx, liver, lung, mouth and pharynx, and oesophagus, and least for leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is concluded that differences in personal behaviour (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, exposure to ultraviolet light, type of diet, and family size) are the principal factors responsible for the urban excess. Other factors include general atmospheric pollution, occupational hazards, genetic differences in susceptibility, and artefacts of diagnosis and recording. The rural excess was marked for cancer of the lip in both sexes, but less marked and clearly evident only in men for cancer of the eye. Three-quarters of eye cancers are melanomas and the excess incidence in rural areas provides some weak support for the idea that exposure to sunlight contributes to the production of the disease.
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of peroxynitrous acid (HOONO) from photolysis within the argon lattice site has been attributed to HOONO in a less stable matrix site.
Abstract: Nitric acid (HONO{sub 2}) in solid argon at 12 K was irradiated with ultraviolet light from various sources. Recombination of the fragments OH and NO{sub 2} from photolysis within the argon lattice site has led to the formation of peroxynitrous acid (HOONO). IR absorption lines at 3545.5, 1703.6, 1364.4, 952.0, and 772.8 cm{sup {minus}1} have been assigned to this molecule on the basis of isotopic shifts. Under certain conditions the lines at 3563.3, 1708.3, 1372.7, 957.4, and 782.9 cm{sup {minus}1} were also observed, and they have been attributed to HOONO in a less stable matrix site. The observed vibrational frequencies are in agreement with recent theoretical calculations on HOONO. The implication of the formation of HOONO from HONO{sub 2} to atmospheric chemistry is also discussed.
TL;DR: The kinetics of association and dissociation reactions indicate that the primary effects of ATP are on the extent of UvrA dimerization rather than on the properties of the Uvr a-uvDNA complex.
Abstract: The initial stages in the repair of damaged DNA by the Escherichia coli uvr system involve the recognition of damage by UvrA. The authors have examined in detail the binding of UvrA to DNA randomly damaged by ultraviolet light, undamaged DNA, and single-stranded DNA using nitrocellulose filter binding and gel mobility shift assays to arrive at the following model: UvrA dimers bind specifically to damaged DNA both in the presence and in the absence of ATP. The dimerization of UvrA is promoted by UvrA concentrations greater than 1 nM, the presence of ATP, or physiological temperatures, and the dimerization step dominates the temperature dependence of UvrA binding to DNA damaged by ultraviolet light. The apparent association constant for specific binding is dependent on the concentration of UvrA due to coupled dimerization, aggregation, and nonspecific binding reactions. The kinetics of association and dissociation reactions indicate that the primary effects of ATP are on the extent of UvrA dimerization rather than on the properties of the UvrA-uvDNA complex. The complexity of the interaction of UvrA, ATP, and DNA is indicated by the opposing effects of ATP binding and hydrolysis on UvrA dimerization.
TL;DR: The results suggest that both dietary and topical vitamin E are effective in protecting the epidermis against some of the early damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
Abstract: Hairless mice were fed diets containing different levels of vitamin E or received topical applications of the vitamin for three weeks before a single exposure equivalent to one minimal erythematous dose of ultraviolet light provided by an artificial sunlight source. Lipid peroxidation and suppression of incorporation of thymidine into DNA were used to estimate the degree of damage caused by the radiation. Restriction of dietary vitamin E had little effect on degree of epidermal lipid peroxidation or on thymidine incorporation into DNA. High dietary levels of the vitamin did not alter the degree of lipid peroxidation; however, the incorporation of thymidine was restored to levels comparable to those of unirradiated animals. Topical administration of a 1% solution of the vitamin in ethanol 1 or 24 hours before irradiation also restored thymidine incorporation and reduced the degree of lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that both dietary and topical vitamin E are effective in protecting the epidermis against some of the early damage induced by ultraviolet radiation.
Patent•
18 Mar 1991
TL;DR: In this article, the primary color emitting (PE) phosphors are aligned with a matrix of transparent electrodes for controlling the shuttering of the liquid crystal layer and a source of fluorescent energy excites the phosphors.
Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display provides a high quality color image and efficient energy utilization. A layer of liquid cyrstal material is controlled by a transparent electrode matrix. A matrix of (primary color emitting) phosphors is aligned with a matrix of transparent electrodes for controlling the shuttering of the liquid crystal layer. A source of fluorescent energy excites the phosphors. A first dichroic filter and a second dichroic filter are located behind the liquid crystal layer. The first filter reflects untraviolet light and transmits visible light while the second filter transmits ultraviolet light and reflects visible light. The two filters are arrayed so that the phosphors are efficiently energized by the ultraviolet light source while ambient illumination is utilized, the display thereby providing both transmissive and reflective modes of operation. The phosphor matrix is separated from the liquid crystal shutter layer by substantially less than the dot pitch of the phosphor matrix layer to maintain the requisite registration and minimize cross-contamination of colors.
TL;DR: It is hoped that insights into pathogenesis lead to improved and more individualized therapy, as patients differ regarding specific inciting factors and immune defects.
Abstract: Although the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus remains unknown, pathogenic mechanisms are becoming clearer. Both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the induction and in the perpetuation of lupus. Implicated environmental triggers include ultraviolet light, chemicals (hydrazines, hair dyes, drugs), some foods, and possibly infectious agents. Lupus is mediated by the immune system. Patients have excess numbers of antibody-forming cells, including those that produce antibodies reactive with self-antigens. Patients also have an increased number of activated T cells, some of which help B cells to produce autoantibodies. A loss of tolerance is a critical immune abnormality in lupus; many of the activated helper T cells may result from a failure in normal tolerance mechanisms. A hematopoietic stem-cell defect could give rise to both B- and T-cell abnormalities. Such a stem-cell abnormality might lead to both a loss of self-tolerance and polyclonal B-cell activation. Antigen-driven, T-cell-dependent expansion of B-cell clones would then give rise to pathogenic autoantibodies, including anti-DNA. We believe that lupus is a syndrome: Patients differ regarding specific inciting factors and immune defects. Some patients have genetically conditioned abnormalities, similar to those found in mice with lupus; others have a combination of genetic and acquired defects. We hope that insights into pathogenesis lead to improved and more individualized therapy.
Patent•
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for making a plastic lens is described, which includes disposing a liquid monomer or a monomer mixture and a photosensitive initiator into a mold cavity and directing ultraviolet light to act on the lens forming material in the cavity to produce a lens therefrom.
Abstract: Method, for making a plastic lens. The method includes disposing a liquid monomer or a monomer mixture and a photosensitive initiator into a mold cavity and directing ultraviolet light to act on the lens forming material in the cavity to produce a lens therefrom.
Patent•
09 Apr 1991TL;DR: In this paper, photoprotective compositions which are useful for topical application to prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic exposure to ultraviolet light comprising chelating agents having formula (I) wherein -R1 and -R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 may be covalently bonded together to form a cyclic alkyls; -M is selected from a group of =O, =S, -SR4 and -OR4 (when -M
Abstract: The present invention involves photoprotective compositions which are useful for topical application to prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic exposure to ultraviolet light comprising chelating agents having formula (I) wherein -R1 and -R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, or R1 and R2 may be covalently bonded together to form a cyclic alkyl; -M is selected from the group consisting of =O, =S, -SR4 and -OR4 (when -M is -OR4 or -SR4, there is a hydrogen bonded to the carbon to which -M is bonded); -R4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; -R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; -R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; an i is selected from the group consisting of one and zero. Methods for using such compositions to prevent damage to skin caused by acute or chronic exposure to ultraviolet light are also involved.
Patent•
14 Aug 1991TL;DR: In this article, a camera records a fluorescence picture of the examination region having signal values F(x,y) at its picture points x,y in response to the illumination with ultraviolet light and a reference picture with signal values R(x and y) at their picture points X,y to detect anomalies of the skin.
Abstract: An apparatus for detecting anomalies of the skin, more particularly melanomae, includes a light source for illuminating a two-dimensionally extending examination region of the skin, successively, with ultraviolet light range and with visible light. A camera records a fluorescence picture of the examination region having signal values F(x,y) at its picture points x,y in response to the illumination with ultraviolet light and a reference picture having signal values R(x,y) at its picture points x,y in response to the illumination with visible light. A memory stores the signal values of at least one of the fluorescence picture and said reference picture, and a processor responsive to the memory produces an output picture having respective signal values A(x,y) at its picture points x,y which are formed from respective quotients F(x,y)/R(x,y) of the signal values of the fluorescence and reference pictures at the same picture points. Various filters are provided positioned or positionable between the light source and the examination region or in front of the camera.
TL;DR: In this article, an effective post-PCR sterilization process based on isopsoralen photochemistry was developed and applied to a diagnostic assay for HIV-1, which satisfied both the inactivation and hybridization requirements of a practical sterilization procedure.
Abstract: We have developed an effective post-PCR sterilization process and have applied the procedure to a diagnostic assay for HIV-1. The method, which is based on isopsoralen photochemistry, satisfies both the inactivation and hybridization requirements of a practical sterilization process. The key feature of the technique is the use of isopsoralen compounds which form covalent photochemical adducts with DNA. These covalent adducts prevent subsequent extension of previously amplified sequences (amplicons) by Taq polymerase. Isopsoralens have minimal inhibitory effect on the PCR, are activated by long wavelength ultraviolet light, provide sufficient numbers of covalent adducts to impart effective sterilization, modify the amplified sequence such that it remains single-stranded, and have little effect on subsequent hybridization. The sterilization procedure can be applied to a closed system and is suitable for use with commonly used detection formats. The photochemical sterilization protocol we have devised is an effective and pragmatic method for eliminating the amplicon carryover problem associated with the PCR. While the work described here is limited to HIV-1, proper use of the technique will relieve the concern associated with carryover for a wide variety of amplicons, especially in the clinical setting.
Patent•
01 Feb 1991
TL;DR: In this article, an apparatus for isolating contagious respiratory hospital patients to reduce the nosocomial and airborne transmission of diseases such as tuberculosis, pertussis, influenza and measles is provided.
Abstract: An apparatus for isolating contagious respiratory hospital patients to reduce the nosocomial and airborne transmission of diseases such as tuberculosis, pertussis, influenza and measles is provided. In one embodiment, a self-contained, portable and prefabricated room in combination with an air-flow control and filtering system is provided. The room is adapted to be assembled within the confines of a preexisting structure or room such as a hospital room. The air-flow control and filtering system functions to filter air being exhausted from the room to adjoining patient areas and to maintain the room at a continuous negative air pressure relative to ambient atmospheric pressure. The system also automatically increases its capacity when the door is opened in order to maintain a constant negative pressure and further provides a warning system for monitoring unauthorized access to or exit from the room as well as notification of loss of power and/or operation. In another embodiment, a blower unit including an ultraviolet light and HEPA filter is provided which functions to collect, trap and kill pathogens.
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear optical polyester with disperse red side groups exhibited a stable photoinduced birefringence, from 0.14 at 850 nm to 0.21 at 633 nm, after exposure to linearly polarized short-wavelength visible or ultraviolet light.
Abstract: A nonlinear optical polyester with disperse red side groups exhibited a stable photoinduced birefringence, from 0.14 at 850 nm to 0.21 at 633 nm, after exposure to linearly polarized short‐wavelength visible or ultraviolet light. Thin‐film wave plates, birefringent diffraction gratings and waveguides were written in this polymer using photoexposure. Thin‐ film wave plates of <1 μm thickness showed ≳π/4 phase delay and good temporal stability. A 9:1 diffraction efficiency ratio of the two polarization eigenmodes was measured from thin birefringent gratings. This ratio is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction obtained using a simple three‐level model.
TL;DR: Green light provides a treatment effect superior to that of red light and similar to that seen in previous studies with white light, consistent with the hypothesis that retinal photoreceptors mediate the antidepressant response in seasonal affective disorder.
Abstract: Objective This study sought to determine whether an equal photon density of green light is superior to red light in treating seasonal affective disorder. Method After recruitment through the media, 20 outpatients with seasonal affective disorder participated in a balanced-order crossover trial of 1 week of green light therapy compared with 1 week of red light therapy. Each treatment consisted of 2 hours of daily light treatment at home in the early morning. Ultraviolet light was excluded from both treatment conditions. The photon densities of the two treatments (2.3 x 10(15) photons/sec per cm2) were similar to those used in previous studies of therapy with 2500-lux white light. Fourteen patients completed the study. At least 1 week separated each treatment period to allow time for relapse. Effectiveness of treatment was assessed by analysis of variance of changes in ratings on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results Although patients' expectations of the two treatments were similar, green light induced greater antidepressant effects than red light. A Sequence by Color interaction was also demonstrated. Conclusions Green light provides a treatment effect superior to that of red light and similar to that seen in previous studies with white light. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that retinal photoreceptors mediate the antidepressant response in seasonal affective disorder. Identifying optimal wavelengths for light treatment is important in optimizing phototherapy efficacy.
TL;DR: Actin has been identified as one of the major proteins complexed to DNA by chromate based upon its molecular weight, isoelectric point, positive reaction with an actin polyclonal antibody, and proteolytic mapping.
Abstract: DNA-protein complexes induced in intact Chinese hamster ovary cells by chromate have been isolated, analyzed, and compared with those induced by cis-platinum, ultraviolet light, and formaldehyde. Actin has been identified as one of the major proteins complexed to DNA by chromate based upon its molecular weight, isoelectric point, positive reaction with an actin polyclonal antibody, and proteolytic mapping. Chromate and cis-platinum both complex proteins of similar molecular weight and isoelectric points, and these complexes can be disrupted by chelating agents and sulfhydryl reducing agents, suggesting that the metal itself is participating in binding rather than having a catalytic or indirect role (i.e., oxygen radicals). In contrast, formaldehyde complexed histones to the DNA, and these complexes were not disrupted by chelating or reducing agents. An antiserum raised to chromate-induced DNA-protein complexes reacted primarily with 97,000 kDa protein that did not silver stain. Slot blots, as well as Western blots, were used to detect formation of p97 DNA crosslinks. This protein was complexed to the DNA by all four agents studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, highconductivity textured ZnO films were grown by the photo-MOCVD method using DEZ (diethylzinc) and H2O as reactant gases.
Abstract: We have grown high-conductivity textured ZnO films by the photo-MOCVD method using DEZ (diethylzinc) and H2O as reactant gases. It was found that the UV light irradiation during the growth was very effective in the improvement of electron mobility. The improvement of the electron mobility could be caused by the chemisorption of the oxygen at the grain boundaries. The boron-doped ZnO films were also grown by photo-MOCVD using B2H6 as dopant gas. The resistivity of the films grown with UV irradiation was one order of magnitude less than that grown without UV irradiation, and the minimum resistivity of 6.8×10-4 Ωcm was obtained by the photo-MOCVD method.