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Ultraviolet light
About: Ultraviolet light is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 49494 publications have been published within this topic receiving 843151 citations.
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11 Jan 2002TL;DR: In this article, the attenuation factor is determined as a function of the integrated value of the quantity of incident light, and the output of an excimer laser source is controlled according to this attenuation factors to control the exposure thereby preventing lowering of exposure control precision.
Abstract: The quantity of ultraviolet light (IL) incident on a projection optical system (PL) is measured by means of an integrator sensor ( 9 ), and the quantity of ultraviolet pulse light (IL) that has passed through the projection optical system (PL) is measured by means of an irradiation monitor ( 32 ). The quantity of transmitted light is divided by the quantity of incident light to calculate the proportion at which the ultraviolet pulse light (IL) is attenuated in the projection optical system (PL), or an attenuation factor. The attenuation factor is determined as a function of the integrated value of the quantity of incident light. During exposure, the integrated value as quantity measured by means of the integrator sensor ( 9 ) is substituted into the function to estimate the transmissivity (attenuation factor) of the projection optical system (PL). The output of an excimer laser source ( 1 ) is controlled according to this attenuation factor to control the exposure thereby preventing lowering of exposure control precision due to illumination variations (or pulse energy variations) on the substrate caused by attenuation variations (transmissivity variations) in the projection optical system.
147 citations
TL;DR: This work presents a novel approach for PR in PCs employing UVC light alone, which can significantly reduce the risk of pathogen transmission, especially bacteria, in patients with severe platelet disorders.
147 citations
TL;DR: The existence of an excess risk of ocular melanoma in welders may now be considered as established, and a possible role of other exposures in the welding processes should not be overlooked.
Abstract: Background: Ultraviolet radiation has been suspected as a possible cause of ocular melanoma. Because this association is controversial, we examine the role of occupational exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the occurrence of this rare cancer.
Material and methods: A population-based case–control study was conducted in 10 French administrative areas (departements). Cases were 50 patients with uveal melanoma diagnosed in 1995–1996. Controls were selected at random from electoral rolls, after stratification for age, gender, and area. Among 630 selected persons, 479 (76%) were interviewed. Data on personal characteristics, occupational history, and detailed information on each job held were obtained from face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire. Estimates of occupational exposure to solar and artificial ultraviolet light were made using a job exposure matrix.
Results: Results show elevated risks of ocular melanoma for people with light eye color, light skin color, and for subjects with several eye burns. The analysis based on the job exposure matrix showed a significantly increased risk of ocular melanoma in occupational groups exposed to artificial ultraviolet radiation, but not in outdoor occupational groups exposed to sunlight. An elevated risk of ocular melanoma was seen among welders (odds ratio = 7.3; 95% confidence interval = 2.6–20.1 for men), and a dose–response relationship with job duration was observed. The study also showed increased risk of ocular melanoma among male cooks, and among female metal workers and material handling operators.
Conclusion: Following the present study, the existence of an excess risk of ocular melanoma in welders may now be considered as established. Exposure to ultraviolet light is a likely causal agent, but a possible role of other exposures in the welding processes should not be overlooked.
147 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy of short wave ultraviolet light (UV-C) as a nonthermal process for liquid egg products (LEP) was investigated by evaluating the effects of depth of liquid food medium (0.153 cm), UV light intensity (1.314, 0.709 and 0.383 mW/cm2) and exposure time (0, 5, 10, and 20 min) by using a collimated beam apparatus.
147 citations
TL;DR: Four entomopathogenic viruses and one each of an entomopathic bacterium, fungus, and protozoan were inactivated when exposed to ultraviolet light; the half-life was less than 4 h in every instance.
Abstract: Four entomopathogenic viruses and one each of an entomopathogenic bacterium, fungus, and protozoan were inactivated when exposed to ultraviolet light; the half-life was less than 4 h in every instance. Relative ranking in stability of the entomopathogens was as follows: B. thuringiensis Berliner > Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson > entomopox Virus > nucleopolyhedrosis virus = cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus > Vairimorpha (= Nosema ) necatrix (Kramer) > granulosis virus.
147 citations