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Ultraviolet light

About: Ultraviolet light is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 49494 publications have been published within this topic receiving 843151 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A summary of the basic principles of UV light generation and propagation with emphasis on its applications for liquid food processing can be found in this paper, which includes information on critical product and process factors that affect UV light inactivation and consequently the delivery of a required scheduled process in liquids foods.
Abstract: A negative, public reaction is growing over the addition of chemical preservatives to liquid foods and beverages to extend their shelf life and to protect against foodborne pathogens. As a physical method, ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation has a positive consumer image and is of interest to the food industry as a low cost non-thermal method of preservation. Recent advances in the science and engineering of UV light irradiation have demonstrated that this technology holds considerable promise as an alternative to traditional thermal pasteurization for liquid foods and ingredients, fresh juices, soft drinks, and beverages. However, its use for treating foods is still limited due to low UV transmittance of liquid foods. The goal of this review is to provide a summary of the basic principles of UV light generation and propagation with emphasis on its applications for liquid food processing. The review includes information on critical product and process factors that affect UV light inactivation and consequently the delivery of a required scheduled process in liquids foods; measuring and modeling of UV inactivation, and the important effects of UV light on overall quality and nutritional value of liquid foods. The commercially available UV light sources and UV reactor designs that were used for liquid foods treatment are reviewed. The research priorities and challenges that need to be addressed for the successful development of UV technology for liquid foods treatment are discussed.

382 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that NF-kappa B induced by cytotoxic stimuli, such as ultraviolet light and the chemotherapeutic drugs daunorubicin/doxorubsicin, is functionally distinct to that seen with the inflammatory cytokine TNF and is an active repressor of antiapoptotic gene expression.

381 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Dec 2002-Nature
TL;DR: Initial results from a study of the interaction of soft X-ray radiation, generated by a free-electron laser, with Xe atoms and clusters are presented, finding that, whereasXe atoms become only singly ionized by the absorption of single photons, absorption in clusters is strongly enhanced.
Abstract: Intense radiation from lasers has opened up many new areas of research in physics and chemistry, and has revolutionized optical technology. So far, most work in the field of nonlinear processes has been restricted to infrared, visible and ultraviolet light, although progress in the development of X-ray lasers has been made recently. With the advent of a free-electron laser in the soft-X-ray regime below 100 nm wavelength, a new light source is now available for experiments with intense, short-wavelength radiation that could be used to obtain deeper insights into the structure of matter. Other free-electron sources with even shorter wavelengths are planned for the future. Here we present initial results from a study of the interaction of soft X-ray radiation, generated by a free-electron laser, with Xe atoms and clusters. We find that, whereas Xe atoms become only singly ionized by the absorption of single photons, absorption in clusters is strongly enhanced. On average, each atom in large clusters absorbs up to 400 eV, corresponding to 30 photons. We suggest that the clusters are heated up and electrons are emitted after acquiring sufficient energy. The clusters finally disintegrate completely by Coulomb explosion.

380 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Advances in surgical removal of cataracts, including small-incision surgery, use of viscoelastics, and the development of intraocular lenses have made treatment very effective and visual recovery rapid in most cases, but no method to halt the formation of a cataractous lens has been shown to be effective.

379 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GC-MS-based metabolite profiling was used to analyse the response of Medicago truncatula cell cultures to elicitation with methyl jasmonate, yeast elicitor (YE), or ultraviolet light (UV), and suggested the induction of threonine aldolase activity, an enzyme as yet uncharacterized from plants.
Abstract: GC-MS-based metabolite profiling was used to analyse the response of Medicago truncatula cell cultures to elicitation with methyl jasmonate (MeJa), yeast elicitor (YE), or ultraviolet light (UV). Marked changes in the levels of primary metabolites, including several amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates, were observed following elicitation with MeJa. A similar, but attenuated response was observed following YE elicitation, whereas little response was observed following UV elicitation. MeJa induced the accumulation of the triterpene beta-amyrin, a precursor to the triterpene saponins, and LC-MS analysis confirmed the accumulation of triterpene saponins in MeJa-elicited samples. In addition, YE induced a slight, but significant accumulation of shikimic acid, an early precursor to the phenylpropanoid pathway, which was also demonstrated to be YE-inducible by LC-MS analyses. Correlation analyses of metabolite relationships revealed perturbation of the glycine, serine, and threonine biosynthetic pathway, and suggested the induction of threonine aldolase activity, an enzyme as yet uncharacterized from plants. Members of the branched chain amino acid pathway accumulated in a concerted fashion, with the strongest correlation being that between leucine and isoleucine (r2=0.941). While UV exposure itself had little effect on primary metabolites, the experimental procedure, as revealed by control treatments, induced changes in several metabolites which were similar to those following MeJa elicitation. Sucrose levels were lower in MJ- and YE-elicited samples compared with control samples, suggesting that a portion of the effects observed on the primary metabolic pool are a consequence of fundamental metabolic repartitioning of carbon resources rather than elicitor-specific induction. In addition, beta-alanine levels were elevated in all elicited samples, which, when viewed in the context of other elicitation responses, suggests the altered metabolism of coenzyme A and its esters, which are essential in secondary metabolism.

378 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202346
2022181
20211,101
20201,978
20192,639
20182,772