Showing papers on "Underdevelopment published in 1973"

The political economy of development and underdevelopment

Abstract: Part 1 Theory and method in economic development: development - which way now?, Amartya K. Sen the misconceptions of "developmental economics", Deepak Lal conventional foolishness and overall ignorance - current approaches to global transformation and development, Gerald Helleiner toward a non ethnocentric theory of development - alternative conceptions from the Third World, Howard H. Wiarda. Part 2 Economic development and underdevelopment in a historical perspective: capitalism, Dudley Dillard on the political economy of backwardness, Paul A. Baran the development of underdevelopment, Andre Gunder Frank perspectives on underdevelopment, Frank, the modes of production school, and Amin, David F. Ruccio, Lawrence H. Simon plant imperialism, Lucile Brockway the modernization of underdevelopment - El Salvador, 1858-1931, E. Bradford Burns. Part 3 Development, democracy and contemporary international institutions: revolution in Easten Europe, Andre Gunder Frank options for tacking the external debt problem, Robert Devlin defunding Latin America - reverse transfers by the multilateral lending agencies, Richard E. Feinberg. Part 4 Agriculture in development: in search of a development paradigm, Gene Ellis the new development economics, Joseph E. Stiglitz the peasant economy, Alexander Schejtman the political economy of Third World food imports, Derek Byerlee. Part 5 Industry in development: industry and underdevelopment reexamined, R. B. Sutcliffe global feminization through flexible labour, Guy Standing the political economy of privatization in developing countries, Henry Bienen, John Waterbury can the rest of Asia emulate the NICs, Clive Hamilton the state and industrial strategy, Helen Shapiro, Lance Taylor. Part 6 The human dimension of development: the human dilemma of development, Denis Goulet, Charles Wilber survival strategies and power amongst the poorest, Tony Beck into another jungle - the final journey of the Matacos, Ariel Dorfman women and rural development policies, Deniz Kandiyoti what really matters - human development, Peter Gall. Part 7 What is to be done?: "development".. .or liberation, Denis Goulet pedagogy of the oppressed, Paulo Freire human development, Keith Griffin, John Knight the arms race and development, Inga Thorsson conserving nature, decreasing debt, John Cartwright beyond capitalism and socialism in Africa, Richard L. Sklar.

Colonialism and underdevelopment in east Africa;: The politics of economic change, 1919-1939

Abstract: Part 1 The ideological and institutional context: the social theory of colonialism the political structures the economic structures. Part 2 The international context - Britain's economic crises and colonial development: British unemployment and colonial aid budgets and markets. Part 3 Peasants against settlers - restructuring the agricultural economy: Kenya - settlers predominant Uganda and Tanganyika - peasants predominant. Part 4 Secondary economic structures: processing and marketing - oligopoly in Uganda colonial non-industrialization.

The Economics of Underdevelopment in Rhodesia: An Essay on Selected Bibliography

Abstract: There is little guidance available to students and researchers interested in investigating the character of economic development in Rhodesia concerning available literature and deficiencies in various fields of study. This essay is an attempt to briefly outline existing literature, and comment on some of its shortcomings. The most important works in the available literature on Rhodesian economic development are contained in the annexed bibliography. The reasons for inclusion are varied. Many works are not in the strictly (neo-classical) economic domain. An interdisciplinary approach to problems of underdevelopment is regarded by this writer as the most appropriate methodology and hence a number of works dealing with politics, sociology, race relations, and history are set down. Some studies are as yet unpublished and so have been noted so that outsiders may be informed of their existence. Overall, the literature cited contains most of what is known and published on all facets of Rhodesian economic development. In this paper no attempt will be made to discuss each and every work in any depth. The primary focus will be to highlight important studies as they relate to the economics of underdevelopment in Rhodesia. Naturally, since my own particular discipline (economics) tends to bias my reading and appreciation of the literature towards selected areas of the bibliography, this note will emphasize those works dealing with economic structures, more particularly those studies dealing with the post World War II and contemporary period.

Interpreting African Underdevelopment: Reflections on the ILO Report on Employment, Incomes and Equality in Kenya

Abstract: IN 1971 THE KENYA GOVERNMENT requested the International Labour Organization to make a study of unemployment in Kenya and to recommend what to do about it. The report of the resulting mission of 26 experts ran to 600 pages and was published in November 1972.1 As was to be expected, it provided an immense quantity of invaluable information. More important, it placed public discussion of the problem, and indeed of the wider issue of the nature of the Kenyan economy and the pattern of public policy, on a new footing. Although what follows will be critical, it should be made clear at the outset that the report is a major achievement of its kind and should play an important part in the future analysis of African underdevelopment. At first glance the report's discussion of the general causes of unemployment seems to be broadly within the school of thought which sees it as arising from the 'development of underdevelopment' and the 'dependency' of peripheral countries on the metropolitan centres in the international capitalist economy. The report rejects the concept of 'unemployment' as its central concern. Instead, it sees the problem as consisting of a structural distortion of the economy, which provides highly rewarding employment for a small minority, and a very large amount of barely productive, poverty-line employment for the massesthe 'working poor'-in relation to whom the wholly unemployed are only another small minority; even if, when educated, a minority that is politically threatening. This analysis is worked out in great detail. The report points out that in the rural areas the main cause of unemployment and of unrewarding employment is that most people have little or no land, while a few hold large under-used acreages. Moreover, rural incomes, especially smallholders' incomes, are being further depressed by declining rural-urban terms of trade. Young people entering the labour force therefore seek work in the towns, especially Nairobi. But in the towns modern sector employment has grown very slowly, thanks to

Neo-Marxist approaches to development and underdevelopment

Abstract: “… But (the Western European Capitalist countries) are not completing this development [towards socialism] as we previously expected they would. They are completing it not through a steady ‘maturing’ of socialism, but through the exploitation of some states by others …” -Lenin, Better Fewer, But Better (his last article), 1923. “… There are two types of capitalism — capitalism of the imperialist countries and colonial capitalism … In the colonies capitalism is not a product of local conditions and development, but is fostered by the penetration of foreign capital.” -Trotsky, speech at the 3rd anniversary of the Communist University of the Toilers of the East, 1924.

Underdevelopment, Science and Technology: the Point of View of the Underdeveloped Countries:

Abstract: This paper examines the interrelations between underdevelopment, science and technology. As the subtitle suggests, it attempts to present the point of view of the underdeveloped countries with the aim of outlining the basis for a programme of action. The central thesis is that science and technology were closely related to the emergence of underdevelopment as it has so far arisen in the twentieth century, and that to a certain extent they are contributing to the maintenance and persistence of underdevelopment. In order to modify this situation, major structural changes are required both in the way scientific and technological activities are organized within the underdeveloped countries, and in the international structure of the world scientific and technological effort. These changes will not come automatically. They need to be pressed by the underdeveloped countries themselves. To avoid the disruption and the social costs that may be involved in reshaping their scientific and technological activities, as well as the structure of the world scientific effort, underdeveloped countries should employ the scientific method itself in planning these changes. The paper begins by examining the concepts of development and underdevelopment, it then explores their relation to science and technology, and ends with some proposals on the contribution that science and technology can make to the development of the Third World.

Economic Aspects of the Black Internal Colony

Abstract: This paper is intended to clarify some questions that are essential to the black struggle for liberation. Its major aim is to suggest a more effective framework for the analysis of the historical and contemporary situation of black people in the United States. We have seen how the concept we are calling internal colonialism fits what we know to be the concrete historical experiences of black people and the relationship of these experiences to Third World underdevelopment and European (including Euro-American) development66. In discussing the newly emerging theory of internal colonialism we start from the assumption that theoretical knowledge, if it is to be useful, must reflect what is real in the world more deeply and thoroughly. It is therefore necessary for us to press beyond the point where the colonial analogy only looks and feels good to the essence of what really ails us in black communities across the United States. Ultimately, it is only when we meet with success in our continuing struggle to alter our present reality of oppression that we will really know if the theory of internal colonialism or any other knowledge was/is correct and of any merit. Since we dare not wait until then, it is to the important task of using what insights our analysis has already yielded and raising our struggle against oppression and exploitation to a higher level to which we should all turn.

An analysis of the status of marketing in Egypt

Abstract: Assesses the present stage of marketing development in Egypt. Identities the basic factors responsible for the development or underdevelopment of marketing. Concludes that economic growth is directly related to marketing development which grows to fulfil the need of its economy. Reveals that in Egypt marketing is underdeveloped, which is a reflection of the economic and social setting.

The Political Economy Of Professional Sociology: The Emergence Of Underdevelopment In The Undergraduate Sociology Program

Abstract: professionalism. Elbridge Sibley informs us that &dquo;Sociology has been trying for many decades to come of age as a science and as a professional field &dquo;I and must continue in the endeavor ’rby developing standards of professional competence in sociology which will be unquestionably as high as those of the other disciplines involved&dquo;2 in the exploration of human behavior. Accordingly, &dquo;The prevailing methodological weakness of sociologists in comparison, for example, with economists and psychologists, &dquo; Sibley repeatedly asserts, &dquo;is a handicap that will grow increasingly serious unless vigorous steps are taken to remedy it. &dquo;3 For &dquo;While there are still some who regard as a mere fad the current

Rhodesia: Economic Blockade and Development

Abstract: In recent years, most of the radical theories and studies concerning capitalism and underdevelopment have originated in the Americas. The neo-imperialist relations existing between the United States and Latin America have provided an obvious framework for the analysis of metropolis-satellite relationships between developed and underdeveloped economies. In Europe, on the other hand, the theories of Andre Gunder Frank, Paul Baran, and Celso Furtado, to mention but a few, have met with either trivial criticism or uncritical acceptance; they have certainly not received the attention they deserve. There appears to have been no real attempt to test their validity with regard to specific countries outside Latin America. It is in the light of this situation that we feel that the Rhodesian experience of the last decade is of particular relevance. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

An assessment of American, British, and French works since 1940 on modern Iranian history

Abstract: The history of modern Iran, like that of most of the Middle East, is a very underdeveloped field when compared not only with the history of the West, but even with that of the Far East. When we speak of the United States' scholars, the reasons for this underdevelopment are not far to seek. Far more than scholars would like to admit, scholarship follows the geography of the national interests of the United States' rulers. As long as the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia were colonies or spheres of influence of other powers, American scholars ignored them almost totally. It is only since World War II that Near Eastern, African, and South Asian centers and institutes were set up, usually with the help of foundation, business and government money, and these centers gave the greatest impetus to the studies of the areas under question. The national interest of the United States in these areas encouraged scholars to be concerned with them.

The ecology of under‐development in tropical Africa

Abstract: The countries of tropical Africa are committed to the role of producers of raw materials which are exported and consumed by the industrial nations. The economy of each African country centres around the production and export of one or two raw materials and the amount exported is in many cases regulated by international agreement and by fluctuations in world demand. Tropical Africa is at present undergoing a population explosion unprecedented in human history, the people are among the poorest in the world, and there seems no prospect of significant economic improvement. This predicament is essentially an economic continuation of the policies of the former colonial powers and if Africa is to avoid disaster, let alone enjoy the development it hopes for, considerable changes of attitude are necessary. The possibility of de‐development by the industrial nations to an extent which would allow the African nations to export finished products rather than raw materials should be seriously explored, and at the same ...

Trier, Bonn and Berlin

Abstract: It may seem paradoxical that Karl Marx, whom so many working-class movements of our time claim as their Master and infallible guide to revolution, should have come from a comfortable middle-class home. Yet to a remarkable extent he does himself epitomise his own doctrine that men are conditioned by their socio-economic circumstances. The German city in which he grew up gave him a sense of long historical tradition and at the same time close contact with the grim realities of the underdevelopment then characteristic of Germany. Thoroughly Jewish in their origins, Protestant by necessity yet living in a Catholic region, his family could never regard their social integration as complete. The sense of alienation was heightened in Marx’s personal case by his subsequent inability to obtain a teaching post in a university system that had no room for dissident intellectuals.