Topic
Underdevelopment
About: Underdevelopment is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 4545 publications have been published within this topic receiving 86860 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on five areas that can contribute to a peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific: 1. Free and open trade, including connectivity and digitalization 2. Traditional and non-traditional security challenges 3. Environmental security and climate change 4. Sustainable development and a people-centered IP.
Abstract: ABSTRACT The Indo-Pacific (IP) is a construct of contested interpretation in terms of its geo-spatiality, but there is growing consensus that it extends from the East coast of Africa to the Western shores of the Americas, inclusive of the Pacific Island states. The IP is today the nucleus of the emerging global order. Major countries, including the USA, Japan, India, France, Germany and Australia, as well as the EU and ASEAN have articulated views on the IP. The IP is characterized by cooperation and contestation given its strategic geo-political and geo-economic centrality, as a growing number of rivalries is manifesting amongst established and emerging powers. Cooperation to enhance sustainable development must take precedence in the region to create a more equitable global community underpinned by a rules-based order committed to addressing the triple challenges of poverty, underdevelopment and inequality. This paper will focus on five areas that can contribute to a peaceful and prosperous IP: 1. A rules based open and inclusive IP, 2. Traditional and non-traditional security challenges 3. Free and open trade, including connectivity and digitalization 4. Environmental security and climate change 5. Sustainable development and a people-centered IP. Finally, the paper will offer a perspective on Africa and the IP.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors studied the main socioeconomic problems that exist in the region due to the underdevelopment of transport infrastructure, as well as ways to solve them, and suggested the following ways of solving the problems: increasing the number of contracts PPP in their classic form, reducing the amount of concession agreements, creating a transport system project based on the example of the US Interstate Highway System in the Russian Arctic, drafting a unified transport budget for all territories that make up the Arctic zone, and creating a single executive authority for the Arctic Zone to distribute the budget evenly.
Abstract: The object of the research in this article is the transport infrastructure of the regions that are part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The authors aim to study the main socioeconomic problems that exist in the region due to the underdevelopment of transport infrastructure, as well as ways to solve them. To fulfil their research objectives, the authors used a comparative analysis method, a correlation analysis method, and a legal analysis. The study identified the specifics of the construction of transport infrastructure in the far north regions. The length of the road and rail network in the Arctic has been analysed compared with the regions of Central Russia, and the factors that limit the development of transport infrastructure have been identified. The strong dependence of freight traffic volumes on population size was revealed using the example of the Murmansk Oblast, and the main problems affecting the demographic situation in the region were identified. The problem of low passenger flow in air transportation was considered. The authors suggested the following ways of solving the problems: increasing the number of contracts PPP in their classic form, reducing the number of concession agreements, creating a transport system project based on the example of the US Interstate Highway System in the Russian Arctic, drafting a unified transport budget for all territories that make up the Arctic zone, creating a single executive authority for the Arctic zone to distribute the budget evenly.
TL;DR: In this article , a sociological analysis of cultural components, in particular the content of the proverbs included in Dehkhoda's Amsal va Hekam (Proverbs and Parables) and their role in Iran's underdevelopment is presented.
Abstract: Social scientists strongly believe that cultural norms and values shape, stimulate, direct, and influence all activities of human societies. This study attempts to provide a sociological analysis of cultural components, in particular the content of the proverbs included in Dehkhoda’s Amsal va Hekam (Proverbs and Parables) and their role in Iran’s underdevelopment. This book was chosen because it is by far the most comprehensive book in this regard with more than 50,000 proverbs. Through a content analysis of all these proverbs using the qualitative content analysis approach, the researcher concluded that 2510 proverbs were related to development, of which 894 proverbs (35%) conveyed development-consistent concepts and 1616 others (65%) conveyed anti-development concepts. In addition, using the field study method and interviews with 40 people with relatively good knowledge of proverbs, it was shown that 276 proverbs contained development-related concepts, of which 64 proverbs (23%) conveyed development-consistent and 212 others (77%) conveyed anti-development concepts. It was concluded that a considerable number of the proverbs conveyed concepts such as fatalism, a lack of innovativeness, death, misogyny, contentment, and so on. Obviously, such a culture in the community leads to passivity of its members. Given the unquestionable role of cultural factors in human activities and that of cultural components such as proverbs in Iran’s underdevelopment process, cultural planners need to pay more attention to these factors and provide appropriate solutions to reduce the negative effects of the development-impeding proverbs as well as other similar cultural components in society.
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of legislation policies in the development of energy infrastructure financing in Nigeria were analyzed using mean item score and factor analysis, which showed that the most significant factor having effect on legislation on energy infrastructure development is policy instability.
Abstract: Energy development is one of the most germane factors for regional and national development. There is great need for institutional support to aid the development of energy infrastructure in the region. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of legislation policies in the development of energy infrastructure financing in Nigeria. Data was collected through the aid of questionnaires from respondents using purposive sampling technique. Methods of data analysis deployed for the study are Mean Item Score and Factor Analysis. Views from the study showed that the most significant factor having effect on legislation on energy infrastructure development is policy instability; also the result of the factor analysis showcased two major constructs that formed the effects of legislation policies in the financing of energy infrastructure in the Nigerian economy and these are energy development policies and lack of quality legislation. Conclusion, the study noted that with the underdevelopment in the energy infrastructure sector in Nigeria, there is need for effective policies that will limit the risk of investments in the energy infrastructure sector. This will facilitate great investment by private investors in the sector. This research contributes to energy infrastructure financing in Nigeria, economic growth of Nigeria, which will also boost the number of investments made in the energy sector both in Nigeria and the entire continent.
TL;DR: In 2019, Ahmet Kuru published Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison as discussed by the authors , which won the 2020 American Political Science Association's Jervis-Schroeder Book Award.
Abstract: In 2019 Professor Ahmet Kuru published his acclaimed Islam, Authoritarianism, and Underdevelopment: A Global and Historical Comparison. I say ‘acclaimed’ not as an endorsement but merely to point to accolades it received, such as the jointly awarded and prestigious 2020 American Political Science Association’s Jervis-Schroeder Book Award. Moreover, it was keenly promoted by Kuru and publishers via a global book tour including Harvard, on top of receiving reviews in Foreign Affairs and numerous political science and history journals. More recently, its arguments featured in a widely reported op-ed penned by former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair in the wake of the Taliban reconquest of Afghanistan, where he characteristically decries ‘Islamism’ as “a first-order security threat to the west”.