Showing papers on "Undergrowth published in 1989"

Edge Effects Created by Clear-cutting on Habitat Use by Sika Deer on Mt.Goyo,Northern Honshu,Japan

Abstract: Clear-cutting increased the species diversity and amount of undergrowth plants in a habitat of Sika deer (Cervus nippon) on Mt. Goyo, northern Japan. The number of species increased from 15 to 48 as a result of clear-cutting. Among the plants,Sasa nipponica (a dwarf bamboo), an important forage plant for Sika deer, was predominant. Fecal pellets of deer were abundant in the forest and at the “adjacent zone” (from the edge to 150 m out of the forest) and thereafter decreased suddenly. The intensity of utilization ofSasa nipponica was also heavy in the forest, moderate at the adjacent zone and light 200 m from the forest edge. Since the amount of the bamboo in the forest was small, the removal of bamboo was greatest at the adjacent zone. Clear-cutting creates a favorable feeding area for Sika deer in this zone by increasing the available plant production and securing forest cover.

Carbon-cycling changes during regeneration of a decinduous broadleaf forest after clear-cutting II. Aboveground net production

Abstract: Growth and death rates of aboveground plant parts were measured in a mature forest and four different-aged deciduous broadleaf forests regeneratede after clear-cutting, with special reference to rates for woody parts (stems and branches) of different diameters (o) in rerms of the pipe model theory (Shinozaki et al., 1964). The total biomass increment of woody parts of trees higher than 1.3 m varied within a range of 2.1-4.6 ton ha−1 yr−1, the increase beingdue largely to the growth of canopy trees exposed to direct sunlight. Biomass increments of small (o<1 cm) and medium (1≤o<5 cm) woody parts were negligibly small except in the youngest forest, and changes in aboveground woody biomass with forest age after clear-cutting mainly resulted from accumulation of large (5 cm

Va mycorrhiza in stands of two hardwood species on sites disturbed by SO2 emissions and on strip-mine spoil banks in Northern Bohemia

Abstract: Mycorrhizal relationships were studied in stands of Sorbus aucuparia in a mountain region affected by SO2 emissions from a nearby brown coal field and in stands of Acer pseudoplatanus on strip mine spoils. During two vegetation seasons, trees with grass undergrowth ( Calamagrostis spp. or Agrostis tenuis ) were found to have a significantly higher mycorrhizal infection than trees without the undergrowth. Significant differences were also found between individual trees: infection in roots under a grass undergrowth was higher than in roots collected from grass-free sites. Soil from the root systems of the trees, from grass sward soil without vegetation, etc ., was collected from different places in the stands, the number of infective propagules was determined and spores of VAM fungi were isolated. The number of infective propagules and spores was the highest in grass sward soil and in root ball soil, the lowest number in soil from vegetation-free spots. Infectivity of the individual types of soil to some grass species, maize and mountain ash was determined. Cultivation of these plants showed that the intensity and efficiency of infection depend mostly on the type of soil, the presence of natural endophytes and, in the case of artificial inoculation, on the species of the introduced endophyte.

Hoya endauensis (Asclepiadaceae) and Licuala dranifielddii (Palmae), two new species from Ulu Endau, Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract: Two new species, Hoya endauensis Kiew (Asclepiadaceae) and Licuala dransfieldii Kiew (Palmae), are described from Ulu Endau, Johore, Peninsular Malaysia. Both are endemic to the Ulu Endau area. H. endauensis is a rare epiphyte which grows on trees by rivers and L. dransfieldii is common in the undergrowth of lowland forest.

Observations on the social spider, anelosimus domingo (araneae, theridiidae),

Abstract: Although Anelosimus domingo Levi (Araneae, Theridiidae) was described in 1963 (Levi 1963), little is known about its natural history. It is now evident that Anelosimus saramacca Levi and Smith (1982) is a synonym of A. domingo Levi (1963). (NEW SYNONYMY: Levi, per. comm.). Levi and Smith (1982) mention that the species is cooperatively social and include some habitat features in their description. Here we intend to definitively document the cooperative foraging in this species and report some preliminary observations of its web structure and behavior patterns in relation to other Anelosimus species. In 1987 and 1988 we discovered a total of five communal webs of A. domingo in the forest undergrowth vegetation of the Tambopata Reserved Zone (12?50'S, 069?17'W), Madre de Dios, Peru. This 5,500 hectare reserve consists of pristine Amazonian forest on the border between the Tropical and Subtropical Zones as classified by Holdridge et al. (1971). All of the A. domingo webs that we found were located in the upper flood plain forest type at Tambopata. This forest type is created by flooding that occurs periodically in certain areas of the Amazon basin creating a secondary flood plain with soils richer than upland forest (Erwin 1984). This habitat, which has a very diverse plant community, is dominated by palms (Iriartea) of medium height (25-35 m tall). Each web was positioned in the undergrowth such that it was exposed to direct sunlight from zero to a maximum of three hours each day. A. eximius appears to have a much broader habitat range as we found its webs in five of the seven forest types described at Tambopata as well as along lagoons and paths where they could be exposed to

Treating immature stands for wildlife

Abstract: Stands older than 60 years or that are medium to large sawtimber size generally provide good wildlife habitat. Mature trees usually produce abundant mast and provide den sites (see fig. 1 in Note 9.04 Treating Immature Stands). The undergrowth in these stands produces moderate amounts of browse and herbage. Mature stands also provide opportunities for management because medium-to-large sawtimber-size trees are valuable for timber products.