Undergrowth

About: Undergrowth is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 795 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11911 citations. The topic is also known as: understorey & underbrush.

Change of Soil Water Content and Light of Several Plantations at Loess Plateau Semi-arid Area and Its Effect on Forest Stand

Abstract: The soil water content and light under forest of seventeen years old Robinia pseudoacacia plantation of four planting density (1.5 m×2 m, 1.5 m×4 m, 1.5 m×6 m, 1.5 m×8 m), ulmus pumila plantation of two planting density (1.5 m 3 m, 1.5 m 5 m) and Pinus tabulaeformis plantation of two planting density (1.5 m×3 m, 1.5 m×5 m) at Loess Plateau Semi-arid Area of Shanxi province were observed and determined. Studies were conducted on the growth of trees in different forest stand, the species and their number of undergrowth, and the growth and development of undergrowth. The results showed that within the forest with low planting density and big nutrition space the soil water content and light decreased with the increasing of planting density. Within the stand of Robinia pseudoacacia, as the planting density increase, the phenomenon of dry soil emerges as that occurred in mature plantation in arid and semi-arid areas. The abundance ratio and species diversity also decreased. The species gradually change from mesophyte such as Convolvulus arvensis and Themeda minor to typical xerophyte such as Artemisia sacrorum, Lespedeza dahurica and Adiantam capiuarisveneris. The average soil water content of two planting density Pinus tabulaeformis plantation were lower than other stands, which interpreted that the micro-environment, forest tree growth and development of undergrowth varied with the type of stand and planting density. In constructing plantation in semi-arid areas, the species should be selected based on bio-ecological characteristics and growth conditions. The planting should not be too dense so as to increase the productivity and stability of stand, and to prevent the occurrence of soil drought.

Odnowienie naturalne w drzewostanach bukowych o złożonej postaci na przykładzie Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the analysis of the number of trees, construction and structure of natural regeneration layer in beech stands of lower-mountain zone (about 700–1220 MSL) in the Bieszczady National Park (BNP). The research was performed in 1993–2003 on 100 circular sample plots of the statisticalmathematical system of inventory and control of forest resources of the BNP. The obtained results prove, that the beech stands of the Bieszczady belong to the forests that regenerate very well themselves at each stage of their development, which ensures stability and sustainability in the lower mountain zone. Tree species composition of natural regeneration layer is similar to the species structure of the upper layer of the stand, while its characteristic feature is its uneven occurrence, that may be associated with differentiated lights conditions inside stands. The observations display a high variability of features of beech undergrowth, especially in case of increment of tree main stem.

The Composition of Undergrowth Vegetation in Forest Area with the Special Purpose of Gunung Bromo, Karangayar, Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract: Data on the biodiversity is essential to support the Forest Area with the Special Purpose (KHDTK) of Gunung Bromo as an educational forest and training center. This study aimed to obtain basic information on undergrowth vegetation composition under pine stands. Furthermore, the important value index (IVI), species diversity index (H’), species richness index (R), and evenness index (E) were determined. The data was systematically obtained by marking 35 plots of 2 m × 2 m. The distance between plots was 100 m. The results showed that the undergrowth vegetation consisted of 39 species from 26 families. The habitus of undergrowth vegetation was herb (15 species), shrub (14 species), liana (3 species), fern (6 species), and palm (1 species). Eragrostis tenerum was the dominant species with an IVI of 58.84%). Centrosema pubescens showed an IVI of 18.38%, while the other species showed less than 10%. Furthermore, H’ was classified as moderate (2.35), R was classified as moderate (4.69), and E was classified as uneven (0.64). This condition indicated that the undergrowth species that grew in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo was limited and uneven. It was considered due to inhibiting factors such as allelopathy in pine leaf litter and low light intensity. Undergrowth species that grow in KHDTK of Gunung Bromo showed several potential utilizations, such as medicinal plants (30 species), ornamental plants (9 species), food sources (5 species), forage (4 species), culture and crafts (4 species), and conservation (3 species). Keywords: important value index, KHDTK of Gunung Bromo, species composition, species diversity, undergrowth vegetation

Health of Vegetation in the Area of Mass Outbreaks of Siberian Moth Based on Satellite Data

Abstract: This paper presents the results of analyzing the state and dynamics of damaged vegetation from satellite images of high and ultrahigh spatial resolution. This study was conducted based on the example of the site of coniferous forests in the Lower Angara region (Krasnoyarsk krai), where a large outbreak of the Siberian moth took place in 1944–1995. The remote assessment of the state of dark coniferous forests revealed the trends of the SWVI (or NDMI) and NDVI indices that characterize long-term changes in the vegetation cover over the period 2000–2018. The SWVI index is the most informative indicator: a sharp decrease in average values and increase in the coefficient of variation of the index are noted for dead and severely damaged wood stands (crown defoliation of more than 75%). The area of dead forests was calculated according to the difference images of the indices (ΔSWVI) with the threshold criterion lσ (the standard deviation). In 2000, the area of forests that died under the impact of the Siberian moth was approximately 19 200 ha. Alter two major fires in 2004 and 2011 and as a result of destructive factors combination, the area of dead forests increased up to 20 400 ha by 2017–2018. Reforestation within the boundaries of dead stands was estimated from the classification of Landsat images (June 20, 2017; June 23, 2018) by the Random Forest algorithm using the selection of templates from detailed Resurs-P images with a spatial resolution of 1 m (Geoton-LI—July 22, 2015 and December 3, 2018), which were taken during different seasons. The classification proved to be highly reliable (Kappa index is more than 0.9). The areas of classified deciduous and coniferous stands, deciduous and mixed stands with mainly coniferous regrowth, grass–shrub vegetation, and barren soil were calculated. Natural regeneration of mainly coniferous undergrowth occurred in 17% of the damaged area, and deciduous regrowth occurred in approximately 10% of the area 23 years after damage by pests. The area damaged by the moth affected reforestation: the larger the area of the outbreak, the higher the share of open lands with grass and shrub vegetation (it accounts for more than half of the area for the large outbreak and approximately 45% for smaller outbreaks). Regrowth was found in proximity of patches of stands and deadwood in the sites unaffected by large fires. Frequent fires in the territory of moth infestation limit the process of reforestation; therefore, most of the vegetation was at the initial stage of the succession cycle.

O uso da terra nas margens da Represa Atibainha, Sistema de Água Cantareira (SP): conflitos com a legislação ambiental vigente

Abstract: The management of hydrographic basins for water supply involves land use diagnose for environmental quality assessment and liabilities resulting from practices that can be harmful to water resources. The identification of different forms of land use in Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), as defined in the New Brazilian Forest Code (Federal Law 12.651/12), is necessary for the assessment of expected impacts on water quality. The objective of this work is to comprehend territorial dynamics in the Atibainha Reservoir tributary basin, located in Nazare Paulista and Piracaia (SP). GIS techniques were applied to define the PPA size on the margins of the reservoir, adopting widths of 100 meters for rural areas and 30 meters for urban areas. Remote sensing techniques were applied to map land cover through the automatic supervised classification. Land cover mapping showed the presence of 55.9% native forest, 29.3% undergrowth, 6.9% reforestation, 4.5% water and 3.4% of area built in the tributary basin. 98.5% of the total area of the reservoir (1596.24 km 2 ) corresponds to rural areas. The marginal Atibainha Reservoir Atibainha Reservoir PPA is composed of 58.9% native forest, 33.5% undergrowth, 5.7% built-up area and 1.9% reforestation. A growing urban development of homes and clubs around the dam is observed, affecting the PPA in varying alarming ways, which leads one to consider the urgent need of public policies for the.