Undergrowth

About: Undergrowth is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 795 publications have been published within this topic receiving 11911 citations. The topic is also known as: understorey & underbrush.

Der Einfluß des Elbebibers auf Waldbestände und forstwirtschaftliche Konsequenzen

Abstract: During the years 1991 to 1993 the species, Number, and diameter of trees cut by the beaver were recorded in five study areas in the Middle Elbe region near Wittenberg. So damages caused by the beaver in forest should be quantified. It could be shown that beavers prefer Populus, Betula and Cornus species but are also be able to change their feeding habitats in dependence of the local supply. They mainly cut trees of a lower diameter with an average of 3,45 cm. In old woods without much undergrowth they couse barking damages on old trunks. However, the total damage remains relatively low. lt fluctuated between 0,11 and 4,07 % with an annual amount of 1.8 to 12,6 fm per beaver Settlement. By testing commercial repellents used in agriculture and forestry a deterrent effect on the beaver habitats can be drawn: 1. Forest clearing directly to the bank should be avoided. 2. To prevent damages softwood strips of low diameters and a breadth of about 30m should be kept or plantetd along the bank of the water. 3. In areas seriously affected by the beaver single future trunks should be selected and protected individually. 4. Timber trees or forestry border along waters should be left to spontaneous succession.

Estudos do crescimento urbano no município de Ihota – SC no período de 1999 – 2019

Abstract: The study was carried out in the municipality of Ilhota, Santa Catarina. Ilhota was colonized by Belgian immigrants around 1841 only on June 21, 1958, Ilhota ceased to be a district of Itajai and became a municipality, according to Law 348. The objective is to quantify urban growth in the municipality of Ilhota, through geoprocessing techniques. For this quantification, two images were obtained on the Earth Explorer platform of UCGS of the Landsat-5 satellites, one dated in 1999, and the other Landsat-8, dated in 2019. The processing of the selected images was carried out in the Qgis software, bands simulated natural multispectral models, in the combinations R5, G4 and B3 for the 1999 image and R6, G5 and B4 for the 2019 image. The classification of land use and occupation was through the complement Dzetsaka Plugin, in five classes: tree vegetation , undergrowth, exposed soil, urbanization and water. When analyzing the land use and occupation in the study area, it was observed that in 1999, 83.57% of the area was covered by tree and undergrowth, after 20 years, 2019, the same coverage now occupies 73, 35%, meaning the degradation of the Atlantic Forest biome, in which the municipality of Ilhota fits.

Соснові деревостани лісостепу Харківщини: продуктивність і природне поновлення

Abstract: Introduction Scots pine stands in Forest-Steppe in Kharkiv Region cover an area of almost 40 thousand ha. A considerable part of them belongs to the nature reserve fund, which allows studying natural processes and conducting long-term observations. The majority of pine forests in Kharkiv region is of artificial origin, so it is necessary to analyze the state of natural regeneration and how the ground vegetation influences it in order to maximize the use of natural regeneration and the formation of more stable natural stands. The aim of the research was to assess pine stands in Kharkiv Region by means of forest-taxation indicators, their ground vegetation and natural regeneration. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 27 sample plots, which were laid in the forest stands of State enterprise State Enterprise “Skrypayivske ERFE”, State Enterprise “Zhovtneve Forest Economy” and National Nature Park “Slobozhansky”. The type of forest, tree species composition, age, average height and diameter, density of stocking, site index, growing stock per 1 ha were determined on the sample plots. Species composition, age, density and state of the natural regeneration as well as a variety of ground vegetation were also evaluated. Results The stands’ density of stocking increases with age in dry and fresh infertile sites (A1-2). As for the forest site types, the highest density of stocking is in fresh fairly infertile one (B2). As the fertility increase (C2), the stands’ density of stocking becomes slightly less, along with that more undergrowth appears. Based on the analysis of forest inventory data and our research on sample plots, the most common type of pine forest in Kharkiv Region is a fresh oak-pine forest in fairly infertile site condition (B2). It includes a wide age range and has a high growing stock per hectare. We have found that in areas with a density of stocking of 0.8 or more, there is much less pine undergrowth (500 stems ha-1) than in areas with a density of stocking of 0.6 and less, especially in canopy breaks (2,500 stems ha-1). The most productive undergrowth is usually can be found in groups near the edge of the gap, with partial shading. Conclusions The pine stands in Forest-Steppe of Kharkiv Region grow mainly in fresh fairly infertile (B2), fresh infertile (A2) and fresh relatively fertile (C2) site conditions. Site index classes vary from Ia to II, growing stock ranges from 80 to 616 m3·ha-1. At intensive monitoring plots in the State Enterprise “Zhovtneve Forest Economy” and National Nature Park “Slobozhansky” the annual change of growing stock in pine stands is 8.3 m3 ha-1. In the studied stands, the projective cover of the ground vegetation varies from 15 to 90%. The highest indices of vegetation diversity and the highest cover are observed in oak-pine forest in fairly infertile sites (B2). Natural regeneration is mainly formed by pine, with little participation of oak (on several plots). Pine trees of 4–8 years old predominate in fresh fairly infertile site condition (B2), with their average height of 2.7 m, while in fresh fairly fertile (C2) and fresh infertile site condition (A2) the height of pines is 1 and 1.1 m, respectively. In A2 conditions, the density of Scots pine undergrowth is 1,500 pc.·ha-1, in B2 there is a mix of species such as oak and birch, although pine undergrowth dominate in plots reaching 2,500 pc. ha-1. In C2 conditions, the undergrowth of oak reaches 50%. 3 Figs., 6 Tables, 11 Refs.

Le groupement végétal à Icacina trichantha Oliv. dans le sous-bois naturel des plantations de Teck (Tectona grandis L. f.) du sud et du centre-Bénin: composition et diversité floristique, valeurs indicatrices écologique et sylvicole

Abstract: The natural undergrowth of Teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations in south and center Benin has been assessed. The Icacina trichantha-plant community is identified in Djigbe forest. On the basis of ten representative phytosociological releves, this plant community is composed of 93 species with a mean of 37 species per releve. The analysis of species diversity indicates that the Icacina trichantha-community is somewhat diversified with 2.32 for the Shannon- Weaver index and 0.50 for the Pielou evenness index. The Icacina trichantha-plant community is frequently found on rocky acid soils at middle positions of steep slopes (10 to 40%). Teak plantations associated with of this plant community are among the most productive of Djigbe forest.

Influence of habitat conditions on abundance and diversity of shrews (eulipotyphla, soricidae) in moravia

Abstract: In the years between 2005 and 2012, this study has evaluated the relative abundance and diversity of insectivores of the shrew family (Soricidae) in lowland, upland, and mountain forest habitats of Moravia. In each of these three different elevation levels, two types of habitats were further defined. They include old growth forests, with tall, fruiting trees and a limited herbaceous forest floor, as well as forest clearings with dense undergrowth of herbs and grasses, which means a total of six types of habitats. Shrews were captured using snap traps set up in lines. A total of 302 individuals belonging to seven species were found. The most abundant and most dominant species was Sorex araneus (rA = 0.313; D = 73.45%), while other species were present in much lower numbers. To evaluate the communities, the used ecological indices included diversity, equitability, and similarity. The highest number of species was found in mountain clearings (n = 5), while the lowest occurred in old upland forests (n = 1). The highest diversity was in old growth lowland forests (H' = 1.194), the lowest in upland forests. In terms of abundance and diversity, forest clearings were richer than old forests, while mountain and lowland forests were richer than uplands forests. In terms of species, the most similar were communities of old growth mountain forests and mountain forest clearings. Forest clearings as early successional forest habitats with rich herbaceous undergrowth in lowlands and mountains proved to be important environmental refugia for this group of small mammals in the landscape.