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Upstream activating sequence
About: Upstream activating sequence is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 100112 citations.
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TL;DR: The 5'-flanking region of the gene has two potential TATA sequences, each located 25-30 bases upstream of a transcription initiation site, and a number of potential promoter and regulatory elements, including a sequence that may form a triple helix and an adjacent sequence with the potential to form Z-DNA.
25 citations
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TL;DR: The model that regulatory gene promoters may display unusual organizations and may be subject to multiple levels of regulation is supported, as the UME6 gene positively regulates INO2 expression.
Abstract: The INO2 gene encodes a transcriptional activator of the phospholipid biosynthetic genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Complete derepression of phospholipid biosynthetic gene expression in response to inositol/choline deprivation requires both INO2 and INO4. Ino2p dimerizes with Ino4p to bind the upstream activating sequence (UAS)INO element found in the promoters of the target genes. We have demonstrated previously that transcription from the INO2 promoter is autoregulated 12-fold in a manner identical to that of the target genes. Here, we show that this regulation occurs at the levels of transcription and translation. Transcription accounts for fourfold regulation, whereas translation accounts for an additional threefold regulation. Regulation of transcription requires a UASINO element. Additional promoter elements include an upstream essential sequence (UES) located upstream of the UASINO element and a negative regulatory element in the vicinity of the UASINO element. Regulation of translation is dependent on an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the INO2 leader. These data support the model that regulatory gene promoters may display unusual organizations and may be subject to multiple levels of regulation. We have shown previously that the UME6 gene positively regulates INO2 expression. Here, we limit the UME6-responsive region of the INO2 promoter to nucleotides −217 to −56.
25 citations
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TL;DR: CYP4A6 mRNAs are induced in the rabbit liver and kidney following treatment with the antihyperlipidemic drug clofibrate and a sequence related to one of two regulatory elements that control the induction of the rat acyl-CoA oxidase gene by ciprofibrate is present upstream of the CYP4A 6 promoter.
25 citations
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TL;DR: In tobacco, regulatory sequences direct transcription of two unique TGMV messenger RNAs that differentially express AL2 and AL3, although expression of AL3 is up to fourfold greater than that for AL2.
Abstract: Transient expression studies using Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts and plants have identified sequences important for transcription of complementary sense RNAs derived from Tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) DNA component A that direct expression of AL2 and AL3. Transcription of two complementary sense RNAs, initiating at nucleotides 1,935 (AL1935) and 1,629 (AL1629), is directed by unique sequences located upstream of each transcription initiation site. One element is located between 28 and 124 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the AL1935 transcription start site, which differs from a second element located 150 nt downstream, between 129 and 184 nt upstream of the AL1629 transcription start site. Transcription initiation at nucleotide 1,935 is lower than that at nucleotide 1,629 as determined by run-on transcription assays, and the resulting transcript is only capable of expressing AL3. The transcript initiating at nucleotide 1,629 is capable of directing expression of both AL2 and AL3, although expression of AL3 is up to fourfold greater than that for AL2. Nuclear factors purified from tobacco suspension cells bind to sequences upstream of both AL1935 and AL1629, correlating with the ability of these sequences to direct gene expression. Thus, in tobacco, regulatory sequences direct transcription of two unique TGMV messenger RNAs that differentially express AL2 and AL3.
25 citations
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TL;DR: A novel physiologically relevant transcriptional mechanism for the reciprocal regulation of the SREBP‐1a expression is revealed and a functional role for the 3 GC‐boxes containing overlapping sites for the Sp1 and EGR‐1 transcription factors is discovered.
24 citations