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Upstream activating sequence
About: Upstream activating sequence is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 100112 citations.
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TL;DR: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, circular or linear plasmids containing a functional centromere (CEN) and a chromosomal replicator (ARS) are mitotically stable and segregate as ordinary yeast chromosomes in the first and second meiotic divisions.
Abstract: In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, circular or linear plasmids containing a functional centromere (CEN) and a chromosomal replicator (ARS) are mitotically stable and segregate as ordinary yeast chromosomes in the first and second meiotic divisions. A centromere in S. cerevisiae consists of a region of DNA, approximately 150 bp in length, containing three important sequence elements, which are folded with proteins into a specific conformation in the chromatin (the yeast kinetochore). Each of the functional CEN sequences contains a high (91% to 95%) AT region (element II), 78 to 86 bp in length, flanked on one side by the common sequence PuTCACPuTG (element I), and on the other by the sequence TGTTT.TG.TTTCCGAAA…. AAA (element III). Deletions in the element II region partially inactivate mitotic function and cause precocious separation of the sister chromatids in meiosis I. Element III appears to be a protein binding site, as evidenced by the following observations. Various point mutations in element III inactivate centromere function, especially in the central CCG (17). One or more protein binding sites in the element III region can be demonstrated by an exonuclease III blocking assay. Wild-type CEN sequences compete strongly in this binding assay, whereas certain functionally inactive mutant CEN sequences do not. In addition, various DNA segments containing either CEN3 or the element III region strongly repress expression of the yeast GAL1 gene when inserted immediately upstream from the transcriptional start site. Helical DNA segments containing CEN3 or CEN14 are shown to be bent or distorted in shape in the high-AT element II region.
22 citations
TL;DR: Deletion analysis showed that the UAS motif located downstream of the nifLA promoter has a role in transcription from theNifF promoter, although it is situated at position-263 with respect to the NifF transcription start, about 100 bp further upstream than previously described occurrences of the activator sequence.
Abstract: The upstream activator sequence (UAS) found in Klebsiella pneumoniae nif promoters and required for the activation of transcription by nifA, is absent from the nifF-nifL intergenic region, but is present downstream from the nifLA transcription start at +59. To determine whether nif upstream activator sequences can function in a 3' position, the nifH UAS was cloned downstream from the NifH transcription start, but no activation of transcription by nifA dependent upon the UAS in its 3' location could be detected. A mild repressive effect was detectable when the nifH UAS was placed downstream of the nifH promoter, but not when the cat promoter was substituted for the nifLA promoter upstream from the motif at +59 described above. However, deletion analysis showed that the UAS motif located downstream of the nifLA promoter has a role in transcription from the nifF promoter, although it is situated at position -263 with respect to the nifF transcription start, about 100 bp further upstream than previously described occurrences of the activator sequence.
22 citations
TL;DR: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL2 gene upstream activator sequence (UAS) region was examined for protein bound in vivo by chromatin footprinting at high resolution and found binding of the Gal4 activator to target sites in the DNA is required but not sufficient for GAL1 derepression and induction.
22 citations
TL;DR: The human pterin-4α-carbinolamine dehydratase (PCD)/dimerization cofactor for the transcription factor HNF-1α is a bifunctional protein proposed to be involved in entirely different biochemical functions.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined how four elements that regulate expression of the rat skeletal muscle type 1 sodium channel (SkM1) gene cooperate to yield specific expression in differentiated muscle.
22 citations