Topic
Upstream activating sequence
About: Upstream activating sequence is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1633 publications have been published within this topic receiving 100112 citations.
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TL;DR: Taken together, these data localize cis-acting sequences important in determining the rate and tissue specificity of ET-1 gene transcription and should allow the study of protein-DNA interactions which mediate transcription of this gene in endothelial cells.
187 citations
TL;DR: The presence of A‐factor homologues in a wide variety of Streptomyces species and distantly related bacteria implies the generality of γ‐butyrolactones as chemical cellular signalling molecules in microorganisms.
Abstract: Summary
A-factor, containing a γ-butyrolactone in its structure, is an autoregulatory factor or a‘microbiai hormone’controlling secondary metabolism and cellular differentiation in Streptomyces griseus. A-factor exerts its regulatory role by binding to a specific receptor protein which, in the absence of A-factor, acts as a repressor-type regulator for morphological and physiological differentiation, in the signal relay leading to streptomycin production in S. griseus, the A-factor signal is transferred from the A-factor receptor to the upstream activation sequence of a regulatory gene, strR, in the streptomycin biosynthetic gene cluster via an A-factor-dependent protein that serves as a transcription factor for strR. The StrR protein thus Induced appears to activate the transcription of other streptomycin-production genes. The presence of A-factor homologues in a wide variety of Streptomyces species and distantly related bacteria implies the generality of γ-butyrolactones as chemical cellular signalling molecules in microorganisms.
185 citations
TL;DR: It is suggested that the synergistic transcriptional stimulatory activity of the naturally occurring GAL4 binding sites is solely a manifestation of cooperative binding of GAL1 and GAL10 protein to DNA and that the activity of a GAL upstream activating sequence is roughly proportional to the number of Gal4 molecules bound.
Abstract: The yeast transcriptional regulatory protein GAL4 binds to four sites in the GAL upstream activating sequence and stimulates transcription of the adjacent GAL1 and GAL10 genes. We show here that binding to at least two of these sites is cooperative in vivo. We also measure stimulation of transcription by pairs of GAL4 binding sites and find that the activities of low-affinity binding sites combine synergistically, whereas the activities of high-affinity binding sites combine only additively. We suggest that the synergistic transcriptional stimulatory activity of the naturally occurring GAL4 binding sites is solely a manifestation of cooperative binding of GAL4 protein to DNA and that the activity of a GAL upstream activating sequence is roughly proportional to the number of GAL4 molecules bound.
183 citations
TL;DR: This work uses differential display to identify a small subset of yeast genes whose transcription in vivo requires yTAF(II)145, and results indicate that this molecule functions in recognition and selection of core promoters by a mechanism not involving upstream activators.
183 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that an enhancer from SV40 or cytomegalovirus can stimulate transcription in vitro even when noncovalently attached to the beta-globin promoter via the proteins streptavidin or avidin, consistent with the looping model rather than the scanning model.
183 citations